Adam Tooze

Uno de los expertos econ micos m s importantes del panorama internacional, disecciona el impacto que el coronavirus ha tenido en el sistema capitalista. La aparici n de un desconocido virus en China en diciembre de 2019 mereci breves y confusos titulares, pues nadie supo prever su posterior conversi n en pandemia global. En cuesti n de semanas, la econom a mundial se detuvo abruptamente: los aviones permanec an en tierra, las cadenas de suministro se romp an y sectores completos como el turismo reduc an su actividad a cero. Ni tan siquiera los mercados financieros, tan al rgicos al riesgo, pudieron preservarse de un colapso econ mico que provoc la ca da m s r pida y fuerte de los mercados de valores desde 1929. De la noche a la ma ana, nuestro mundo cambi y 2020 se convirti en un a o de inflexi n. El gran cronista de la pasada crisis financiera, el economista Adam Tooze, nos presenta el an lisis mejor informado sobre la historia de ese cierre y sobre hacia d nde nos dirigimos. Gracias a su acceso privilegiado a datos, protagonistas e instituciones se relata, de forma convincente y a veces impactante, c mo ha repercutido este desaf o tanto en los grandes centros econ micos mundiales como en los mercados emergentes. Mientras nos aferramos al milagro tecnol gico y del conocimiento en forma de vacuna, la crisis del coronavirus ha evidenciado nuestra fragilidad. ENGLISH DESCRIPTIONOne of the most important economic experts on the international scene dissects the impact that the coronavirus has had on the capitalist system. The appearance of an unknown virus in China in December 2019 received brief and confusing headlines, as no one could foresee its subsequent conversion into a global pandemic. In a matter of weeks, the world economy came to an abrupt halt: planes remained grounded, supply chains broke down, and entire sectors such as tourism reduced their activity to zero. Not even the financial markets, so averse to risk, could be preserved from an economic collapse that caused the fastest and strongest market decline since 1929. Overnight, our world changed and 2020 became a year of inflection. The great chronicler of the past financial crisis, economist Adam Tooze, presents the most informed analysis of the history of this shutdown and where we are headed. Thanks to his privileged access to data, key players, and institutions, he compellingly and sometimes shockingly recounts how this challenge has impacted both major global economic centers and emerging markets. While we cling to the technological and knowledge miracle in the form of a vaccine, the coronavirus crisis has highlighted our fragility.

Rystelserne fra pandemiens start i 2020 har været store og små. De har skabt forstyrrelser i internationale relationer og i dagligdagen. Verdensmarkedet er skrumpet i et tempo uden fortilfælde. Hundredvis af millioner har mistet deres job. Og sygdommens spøgelse lurer stadig. I Nedlukket går Adam Tooze til pandemien som en økonomisk og politisk begivenhed, der blotlagde det globale systems styrke og skrøbelighed. Med indsigt i realpolitiske beslutninger, afdækning af sammenhænge mellem forskellige institutioner og aktører samt koblinger til de store idepolitiske linjer viser han, hvor uforberedt verden var til at bekæmpe krisen. Virussen har angrebet vores helbred, men også det økonomiske og politiske system, som vores sundhed afhænger af – uden at der er en vaccine på vej til at kurere det. Adam Tooze er britisk-tysk økonomihistoriker, professor på Columbia University og forfatter til de prisvindende bøger The Wages of Destruction (2006), The Deluge (2014) og Crashed (2018). Tooze har skrevet for bl.a. Foreign Affairs, the Financial Times, The Guardian, The Wall Street Journal, Die Zeit, New Left Review og London Review of Books. ”En seriøst imponerende bog” – The Guardian ”Indsigter, som vil blive stående” – Financial Times

"This book's great service is that it challenges us to consider the ways in which our institutions and systems, and the assumptions, positions and divisions that undergird them, leave us ill prepared for the next crisis."--Robert Rubin, The New York Times Book Review "Full of valuable insight and telling details, this may well be the best thing to read if you want to know what happened in 2020." --Paul Krugman, New York Review of Books Deftly weaving finance, politics, business, and the global human experience into one tight narrative, a tour-de-force account of 2020, the year that changed everything--from the acclaimed author of Crashed. The shocks of 2020 have been great and small, disrupting the world economy, international relations and the daily lives of virtually everyone on the planet. Never before has the entire world economy contracted by 20 percent in a matter of weeks nor in the historic record of modern capitalism has there been a moment in which 95 percent of the world's economies were suffering all at the same time. Across the world hundreds of millions have lost their jobs. And over it all looms the specter of pandemic, and death. Adam Tooze, whose last book was universally lauded for guiding us coherently through the chaos of the 2008 crash, now brings his bravura analytical and narrative skills to a panoramic and synthetic overview of our current crisis. By focusing on finance and business, he sets the pandemic story in a frame that casts a sobering new light on how unprepared the world was to fight the crisis, and how deep the ruptures in our way of living and doing business are. The virus has attacked the economy with as much ferocity as it has our health, and there is no vaccine arriving to address that. Tooze's special gift is to show how social organization, political interests, and economic policy interact with devastating human consequences, from your local hospital to the World Bank. He moves fluidly from the impact of currency fluctuations to the decimation of institutions--such as health-care systems, schools, and social services--in the name of efficiency. He starkly analyzes what happened when the pandemic collided with domestic politics (China's party conferences; the American elections), what the unintended consequences of the vaccine race might be, and the role climate change played in the pandemic. Finally, he proves how no unilateral declaration of 'independence" or isolation can extricate any modern country from the global web of travel, goods, services, and finance.

The fear of living in the end times has a long history. In Decadence and Decay, a group of distinguished international scholars describe how societies over time have handled and interpreted the concept of decline. In times of unrest and transition, declinism the notion that a culture or civilisation is headed towards irreversible decline tends to capture the public imagination. The essays in this volume address how notions of decadence and decay have been used both as opprobrium and as a form of self-definition and empowerment an instrument to protect individualism against collectivistic oppression. From ancient Rome to the present, ideas and expressions of decadence and decay have played a critical role in how we perceive the world.

WINNER OF THE LIONEL GELBER PRIZEA NEW YORK TIMES NOTABLE BOOK OF 2018ONE OF THE ECONOMIST'S BOOKS OF THE YEARA NEW YORK TIMES CRITICS' TOP BOOK "An intelligent explanation of the mechanisms that produced the crisis and the response to it... One of the great strengths of Tooze's book is to demonstrate the deeply intertwined nature of the European and American financial systems."--The New York Times Book Review From the prizewinning economic historian and author of Shutdown and The Deluge, an eye-opening reinterpretation of the 2008 economic crisis (and its ten-year aftermath) as a global event that directly led to the shockwaves being felt around the world today. We live in a world where dramatic shifts in the domestic and global economy command the headlines, from rollbacks in US banking regulations to tariffs that may ignite international trade wars. But current events have deep roots, and the key to navigating today's roiling policies lies in the events that started it all--the 2008 economic crisis and its aftermath. Despite initial attempts to downplay the crisis as a local incident, what happened on Wall Street beginning in 2008 was, in fact, a dramatic caesura of global significance that spiraled around the world, from the financial markets of the UK and Europe to the factories and dockyards of Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America, forcing a rearrangement of global governance. With a historian's eye for detail, connection, and consequence, Adam Tooze brings the story right up to today's negotiations, actions, and threats--a much-needed perspective on a global catastrophe and its long-term consequences.

In September 2008 the Great Financial Crisis, triggered by the collapse of Lehman brothers, shook the world. A decade later its spectre still haunts us. As the appalling scope and scale of the crash was revealed, the financial institutions that had symbolised the West's triumph since the end of the Cold War, seemed - through greed, malice and incompetence - to be about to bring the entire system to its knees. Crashed is a brilliantly original and assured analysis of what happened and how we were rescued from something even worse - but at a price which continues to undermine democracy across Europe and the United States. Gnawing away at our institutions are the many billions of dollars which were conjured up to prevent complete collapse. Over and over again, the end of the crisis has been announced, but it continues to hound us - whether in Greece or Ukraine, whether through Brexit or Trump. Adam Tooze follows the trail like no previous writer and has written a book compelling as history, as economic analysis and as political horror story.

Nous vivons dans un monde ou les soubresauts de l'economie font les gros titres: de l'assouplissement des reglementations bancaires aux Etats-Unis a l'etablissement de tarifs douaniers susceptibles de declencher des guerres commerciales internationales. Les racines de cette situation sont profondes. Dans Crashed, l'historien Adam Tooze montre que les bouleversements d'aujourd'hui ont une origine commune dans la crise economique de 2008 et ses repercussions. Si la crise financiere a d'abord ete presentee comme une peripetie locale, ce qui s'est passe a Wall Street a partir de 2008 a en realite bouleverse toutes les regions du globe: des marches financiers occidentaux aux usines et chantiers en Asie, au Moyen-Orient et en Amerique latine. La crise a destabilise l'Ukraine, seme le chaos en Grece, suscite la question du Brexit et prepare le terrain a Trump. C'est la crise la plus grave enduree par les societes occidentales depuis la fin de la Guerre froide. Reconstituant l'histoire, l'auteur analyse en detail les decisions et le positionnement des acteurs qui ont domine l'actualite economique, politique et internationale de ces dix dernieres annees. Il le fait au prisme de multiples thematiques originales: itineraires du developpement economique et de la dette a la surface du globe; inegalites politiques issues de l'interdependance financiere des pays; effets de la crise sur l'ascension spectaculaire des reseaux sociaux et le malaise des classes moyennes. Toujours avec la rigueur de l'historien, Adam Tooze prolonge son etude jusqu'a aujourd'hui et s'interroge sur la perspective d'un ordre mondial progressiste, stable et coherent a l'avenir.

A searing and highly original analysis of the First World War and its anguished aftermath--from the prizewinning economist and author of Shutdown, Crashed and The Wages of Destruction Winner of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize - History Finalist for the Kirkus Prize - Nonfiction In the depths of the Great War, with millions dead and no imaginable end to the conflict, societies around the world began to buckle. The heart of the financial system shifted from London to New York. The infinite demands for men and mat riel reached into countries far from the front. The strain of the war ravaged all economic and political assumptions, bringing unheard-of changes in the social and industrialorder. A century after the outbreak of fighting, Adam Tooze revisits this seismic moment in history, challenging the existing narrative of the war, its peace, and its aftereffects. From the day the United States enters the war in 1917 to the precipice of global financial ruin, Tooze delineates the world remade by American economic and military power. Tracing the ways in which countries came to terms with America's centrality--including the slide into fascism--The Deluge is a chilling work of great originality that will fundamentally change how we view the legacy of World War I.

Dans ce nouvel opus, Adam Tooze decrit et analyse les changements essentiels survenus pendant et apres la Premiere Guerre mondiale - le plus important, qui constitue le theme principal du livre, etant l'accession des Etats-Unis a une position de suprematie economique, politique et morale sans precedent. Premiere economie mondiale, l'Amerique devient a partir de 1916 le banquier de la guerre, animee, selon l'auteur, par le dessein tres clair d'exercer son hegemonie financiere sur les pays de l'Entente devenus dependants de ses prets. Avec la disparition de ses empires naguere dominants au profit du grand empire americain et de sa preeminence economique et militaire, l'Europe se trouve ravalee au rang de province ; en 1918, le President Wilson est en mesure de jouer le role d'arbitre du nouvel ordre mondial auquel il aspirait en imposant la paix au monde entier, avec son projet fetiche et idealiste de Societe des Nations. Pourtant, quand vient le moment d'endosser concretement sa position de leader mondial, l'Amerique recule: le Congres americain ne ratifie pas le traite de paix; Washington n'integre pas la Societe des Nations. Selon l'auteur, les Etats-Unis n'ont pas encore atteint la maturite democratique necessaire pour assumer leurs responsabilites. Il faudra attendre une generation, sous les presidences de Roosevelt et Truman, pour que ce soit le cas. Une fois le traite de Versailles signe par l'Allemagne, une seconde guerre etait-elle inevitable? L'insistance des Allies pour obtenir des reparations (et celle des Etats-Unis pour obtenir le remboursement des dettes de guerre) contribua-t-elle a l'echec de la Republique de Weimar? Deux questions essentielles auxquelles l'auteur repond par la negative. A la fin des annees 20, les Europeens etaient en chemin vers un retour a la normalite, et des hommes d'Etat tels G. Stresemann en Allemagne et A. Briand en France travaillaient patiemment a une consolidation des liens qui deboucherait sur la CEE dans les annees 50. Mais alors qu'en 1928, Hitler et Trotski desesperaient de voir un jour la chute de l'ordre capitaliste, l'annee suivante, la faillite de Wall Street declenchera une nouvelle serie d'evenements qui entraineront la sortie de la Grande-Bretagne de l'etalon-or en 1931 et plongeront l'Allemagne dans le chaos economique et politique. Ceci etant, Adam Tooze recuse la vision, defendue par certains historiens modernes, de l'entre-deux-guerres comme d'une periode ou l'Europe renoua avec ses demons passes et rejeta le liberalisme democratique au profit de l'autocratie et du fascisme. Pour lui, les principales nations d'Europe et d'Asie lutterent alors pour s'adapter a la modernite et a la geopolitique moderne, s'acheminant tant bien que mal vers la creation d'une structure qui garantirait la securite internationale - sans parvenir, au final, a couper sur le plan financier, le cordon avec Washington. De maniere generale, l'auteur n'hesite d'ailleurs pas a s'inscrire en faux par rapport aux recits conventionnels de la periode (il montre aussi que ce n'est pas le traite de Versailles mais celui de Washington, en 1922, qui scella le nouvel ordre mondial regi par la suprematie des Etats-Unis).

WINNER OF THE LOS ANGELES TIMES PRIZE FOR HISTORY FINANCIAL TIMES AND NEW STATESMAN BOOKS OF THE YEAR 2014On the centenary of the outbreak of the First World War, Deluge is a powerful explanation of why the war's legacy continues to shape our world - from Adam Tooze, the Wolfson Prize-winning author of The Wages of DestructionIn the depths of the Great War, with millions of dead and no imaginable end to the conflict, societies around the world began to buckle. As the cataclysmic battles continued, a new global order was being born. Adam Tooze's panoramic new book tells a radical, new story of the struggle for global mastery from the battles of the Western Front in 1916 to the Great Depression of the 1930s. The war shook the foundations of political and economic order across Eurasia. Empires that had lasted since the Middle Ages collapsed into ruins. New nations sprang up. Strikes, street-fighting and revolution convulsed much of the world. And beneath the surface turmoil, the war set in motion a deeper and more lasting shift, a transformation that continues to shape the present day: 1916 was the year when world affairs began to revolve around the United States. America was both a uniquely powerful global force: a force that was forward-looking, the focus of hope, money and ideas, and at the same time elusive, unpredictable and in fundamental respects unwilling to confront these unwished for responsibilities. Tooze shows how the fate of effectively the whole of civilization - the British Empire, the future of peace in Europe, the survival of the Weimar Republic, both the Russian and Chinese revolutions and stability in the Pacific - now came to revolve around this new power's fraught relationship with a shockingly changed world. The Deluge is both a brilliantly illuminating exploration of the past and an essential history for the present.

"Masterful . . . A] painstakingly researched, astonishingly erudite study... Tooze has added his name to the roll call of top-class scholars of Nazism." --Financial TimesAn extraordinary mythology has grown up around the Third Reich that hovers over political and moral debate even today. Adam Tooze's controversial book challenges the conventional economic interpretations of that period to explore how Hitler's surprisingly prescient vision--ultimately hindered by Germany's limited resources and his own racial ideology--was to create a German super-state to dominate Europe and compete with what he saw as America's overwhelming power in a soon-to- be globalized world. The Wages of Destruction is a chilling work of originality and tremendous scholarship that set off debate in Germany and will fundamentally change the way in which history views the Second World War.

Adam Tooze's The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy provides a groundbreaking new account of how Hitler established himself in power, mobilized for war - and led his country to annihilation. Was the tragedy of the Second World War determined by Nazi Germany's terrifying power, or by its fatal weakness? This gripping and universally-acclaimed new history tells the real story of the cost of Hitler's plans for world domination - and will overturn everything you thought you knew about the Third Reich. 'A tour de force' Niall Ferguson 'Masterful ... smashes a gallery of preconceptions' The Times 'This book will change the way we look at Nazi history ... nothing less than a masterpiece. Rejoice, rejoice, for a great historian is born' Sunday Telegraph 'A remarkable and gripping revision of the history of Nazi Germany' New Statesman Books of the Year 'A powerful and provocative reassessment of the whole story' Richard Overy