Ajit Behera

Industries associated with high temperature applications such as steel making and iron making industries make use of refractory bricks to carry out their entire manufacturing process. Different steps involved in manufacturing steel involves different types of refractory bricks based on various factors like working temperature, thermal stability, strength, wear resistance, chemical resistance. These bricks are to be replaced after certain duration of time for efficient functioning of the manufacturing units. The production of these refractory bricks involves so many complicated methods which are likewise expensive. As the need of such bricks is humongous for large scale industries, instead of manufacturing these bricks they import the bricks from other countries. Fly-ash, which covers major proportion of world's industrial waste is known to have very high silica and alumina content. These compounds are known to be some of the important mineral compounds for the manufacturing of refractory bricks which has led to the ideology of using fly-ash for manufacturing of bricks incorporated with additive materials namely granite-powder, alite-cement and black-sand.

The demand on NiTi thin film equipment is gradually increasing in a wide range in all the fieldssuch as biomedical, automotive, and aeronautic. NiTi SMA has now moved from the bulk form to the microscale and nano-scales. NiTi thin films embedded with its two peculiar characters that are shape memory property andpseudoelasticitywhich can give raise a huge power-to-weightratio in MEMS, results theamazing methods for activation. The present investigation focuses on study of the effectof annealing on sputtered deposited NiTi single bi-layered thin film. NiTi thin film has been fabricated using ac/dc magnetron sputtering machine followed by the sputter chamber heat treatment. As-deposited as well as the annealed NiTi thin film has been analysed by FESEM, GIXRD, DSC, Profilometry, Vickershardness tester, Corrosiontest. Thediffusional changes at the substrate/thin film interface, crystalline behaviourhas been clearly understood by the help of FESEM micrograph. With FESEM, EDX was also done to inspect the elements present on the surface and interface of NiTi thin film

This book provides a thorough introduction to the essential topics in modern materials science. It brings together the spectrum of materials science topics, spanning inorganic and organic materials, nanomaterials, biomaterials, and alloys within a single cohesive and comprehensive resource. Synthesis and processing techniques, structural and crystallographic configurations, properties, classifications, process mechanisms, applications, and related numerical problems are discussed in each chapter. End-of-chapter summaries and problems are included to deepen and reinforce the reader's comprehension. Provides a cohesive and comprehensive reference on a wide range of materials and processes in modern materials science;Presents material in an engaging manner to encourage innovative practices and perspectives;Includes chapter summaries and problems at the end of every chapter for reinforcement of concepts.

This book provides a thorough introduction to the essential topics in modern materials science. It brings together the spectrum of materials science topics, spanning inorganic and organic materials, nanomaterials, biomaterials, and alloys within a single cohesive and comprehensive resource. Synthesis and processing techniques, structural and crystallographic configurations, properties, classifications, process mechanisms, applications, and related numerical problems are discussed in each chapter. End-of-chapter summaries and problems are included to deepen and reinforce the reader's comprehension. Provides a cohesive and comprehensive reference on a wide range of materials and processes in modern materials science;Presents material in an engaging manner to encourage innovative practices and perspectives;Includes chapter summaries and problems at the end of every chapter for reinforcement of concepts.

Il materiale intelligente NiTi ricco di titanio ha un'eccellente combinazione di propriet come l'effetto memoria di forma e la pseudoelasticit che lo rende un candidato perfetto per varie applicazioni biomediche come stent per applicazioni cardiovascolari, apparecchi ortodontici, impianti, valvole a pressione, ecc. Queste leghe funzionali per impianti hanno il potenziale per essere attivate a temperatura corporea e possono resistere alle piegature. Tutti quelli applicazioni che richiedono tali propriet fenomenali sono l'obiettivo di un attivo interesse di ricerca. Il lavoro che segue comprende l'intero meccanismo dell'effetto memoria di forma e della pseudoelasticit , cos come la moltitudine di applicazioni biomediche della lega NiTi. In questo studio, i campioni NiTi ricchi di Ti-rich sono fabbricati attraverso la via della metallurgia delle polveri e le caratterizzazioni sono effettuate per comprendere le propriet della lega. Una discussione dettagliata stata fatta sulla morfologia della superficie, l'evoluzione della microstruttura, la comprensione delle fasi presenti, i valori di durezza, la trasformazione reversibile delle fasi e il comportamento alla corrosione dei campioni NiTi Ti-rich.

O material inteligente NiTi rico em tit nio tem uma excelente combina o de propriedades tais como efeito de mem ria de forma e pseudoelasticidade que o torna um candidato perfeito para v rias aplica es biom dicas tais como stents para aplica o cardiovascular, aparelhos dent rios, implantes, v lvulas de press o, etc. Estas ligas funcionais de implantes t m o potencial de serem activadas temperatura corporal e podem resistir a dobras. Todas estas ligas aplica es que exigem tais propriedades fenomenais s o o objectivo do interesse activo da investiga o. O trabalho seguinte abrange todo o mecanismo do efeito de mem ria de forma e pseudo-elasticidade, bem como a multiplicidade de aplica es biom dicas da liga NiTi. Neste estudo, os esp cimes de NiTi ricos em Ti-rich s o fabricados por via da metalurgia do p e s o efectuadas caracteriza es para compreender as propriedades da liga. Foi feita uma discuss o detalhada sobre a morfologia da superf cie, a evolu o da microestrutura, a compreens o das fases presentes, os valores de dureza, a transforma o revers vel das fases e o comportamento de corros o das amostras de NiTi Ti-Rico.

Le mat riau intelligent NiTi riche en titane pr sente une excellente combinaison de propri t s telles que l'effet de m moire de forme et la pseudo lasticit , ce qui en fait un candidat parfait pour diverses applications biom dicales telles que les stents pour applications cardiovasculaires, les appareils dentaires, les implants, les valves de pression, etc. Ces alliages fonctionnels pour implants ont le potentiel d' tre activ s la temp rature du corps et peuvent r sister aux d formations. Ces alliages d'implants fonctionnels peuvent tre activ s la temp rature du corps et r sister la torsion. Tous ces les applications qui requi rent de telles propri t s ph nom nales font l'objet d'un int r t actif de la part de la recherche. Les travaux suivants englobent l'ensemble du m canisme de l'effet de m moire de forme et de la pseudo- lasticit , ainsi que la multitude d'applications biom dicales de l'alliage NiTi. Dans cette tude, les chantillons de NiTi riche en Ti sont fabriqu s par m tallurgie des poudres et des caract risations sont effectu es pour comprendre les propri t s de l'alliage. Une discussion d taill e a t faite sur la morphologie de la surface, l' volution de la microstructure, la compr hension des phases pr sentes, les valeurs de duret , la transformation r versible des phases et le comportement la corrosion des chantillons de NiTi riche en Ti.

Bogaty w tytan inteligentny material NiTi posiada doskonale polączenie wlaściwości takich jak efekt pamięci ksztaltu i pseudoelastyczności, co czyni go idealnym kandydatem do r żnych zastosowań biomedycznych, takich jak stenty do zastosowań sercowo-naczyniowych, aparaty dentystyczne, implanty, zawory uciskowe itp. Te funkcjonalne stopy implant w mają możliwośc aktywacji w temperaturze ciala i są odporne na zalamania. Wszystkie te stopy Aplikacje, kt re wymagają tak fenomenalnych wlaściwości, są celem aktywnych zainteresowań badawczych. Poniższa praca obejmuje caly mechanizm efektu pamięci ksztaltu i pseudoelastyczności, a także wiele zastosowań biomedycznych stopu NiTi. W tym badaniu, bogatych pr bek NiTi są produkowane przez szlak metalurgii proszk w i charakterystyki są prowadzone w celu zrozumienia wlaściwości stopu. Szczeg lowo om wiono morfologię powierzchni, ewolucję mikrostruktury, zrozumienie obecnych faz, wartości twardości, odwracalne przemiany faz i zachowanie korozyjne bogatych w Ti-Ti pr bek NiTi.

Titanreiches NiTi smartes Material hat eine ausgezeichnete Kombination von Eigenschaften wie Formged chtniseffekt und Pseudoelastizit t, was es zu einem perfekten Kandidaten f r verschiedene biomedizinische Anwendungen wie Stents f r kardiovaskul re Anwendungen, Zahnspangen, Implantate, Druckventile usw. macht. Diese funktionellen Implantatlegierungen haben das Potenzial, bei K rpertemperatur aktiviert zu werden und k nnen Knicken widerstehen. All jene Anwendungen, die solche ph nomenalen Eigenschaften erfordern, sind das Ziel eines aktiven Forschungsinteresses. Die folgenden Arbeiten umfassen den gesamten Mechanismus des Formged chtniseffekts und der Pseudoelastizit t sowie die Vielzahl der biomedizinischen Anwendungen der NiTi-Legierung. In dieser Studie werden die ti-reichen NiTi-Proben (Ni46Ti54, Ni47Ti53, Ni48Ti52 und Ni49Ti51) auf pulvermetallurgischem Wege hergestellt und Charakterisierungen durchgef hrt, um die Eigenschaften der Legierung zu verstehen. Eine detaillierte Diskussion wurde ber die Oberfl chenmorphologie, die Entwicklung der Mikrostruktur, das Verst ndnis der vorhandenen Phasen, H rtewerte, die reversible Umwandlung der Phasen und das Korrosionsverhalten der tireichen NiTi-Proben gef hrt. Es wurde auch eine Untersuchung zum Einfluss von Titani durchgef hrt.