Alejandra Medina

Tervetuloa Pohjoismaiden suurimpaan verkkokirjakauppaan! Adlibris kannattaa sananvapautta, ja haluamme edistää kirjallisuuden ja tiedon saatavuutta.

Climate change as a global problem requires an urgent global response. It does not respect borders and highlights social, economic, cultural and political problems. It also widens inequality gaps, conflicts and instability between countries. Climate finance is the cornerstone for the materialization of agreements, commitments and the fulfillment of climate goals. This research analyzes climate finance for REDD+ Ecuador under the UNFCCC, directed to PROAmazon. To evaluate the impact of climate finance, a climate investment analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness, efficiency and equity (3E+) of the activities carried out with these funds, through the variables: deforestation rate, stakeholder participation and land tenure. After the conclusion of PROAmazonian activities in the period 2017-2023, the results show an increase in the deforestation rate, which is considered one of the highest in Latin America, caused by extractivist activities.

Der Klimawandel ist ein globales Problem, das dringend eine globale Antwort erfordert. Er macht vor Grenzen nicht halt und wirft soziale, wirtschaftliche, kulturelle und politische Probleme auf. Er vergr ert auch Ungleichheiten, Konflikte und Instabilit t zwischen L ndern. Die Klimafinanzierung ist der Eckpfeiler f r die Umsetzung von Vereinbarungen, Verpflichtungen und die Erreichung von Klimazielen. Diese Untersuchung analysiert die Klimafinanzierung f r REDD+ Ecuador im Rahmen der UNFCCC, gerichtet an PROAmazon. Um die Auswirkungen der Klimafinanzierung zu bewerten, wurde eine Klima-Investitionsanalyse durchgef hrt, um die Effektivit t, Effizienz und Gerechtigkeit (3E+) der mit diesen Mitteln durchgef hrten Aktivit ten anhand der Variablen Entwaldungsrate, Beteiligung der Akteure und Landbesitz zu bestimmen. Nach Abschluss der PROAmazonen-Aktivit ten im Zeitraum 2017-2023 zeigen die Ergebnisse einen Anstieg der Entwaldungsrate, die als eine der h chsten in Lateinamerika gilt, verursacht durch extraktivistische Aktivit ten.

Il cambiamento climatico, in quanto problema globale, richiede una risposta globale e urgente. Non rispetta i confini e mette in evidenza problemi sociali, economici, culturali e politici. Inoltre, aumenta i divari di disuguaglianza, i conflitti e l'instabilit tra i Paesi. I finanziamenti per il clima sono la chiave di volta per la concretizzazione di accordi e impegni e per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi climatici. Questa ricerca analizza i finanziamenti climatici per il REDD+ dell'Ecuador nell'ambito dell'UNFCCC, diretta a PROAmazon. Per valutare l'impatto dei finanziamenti climatici, stata condotta un'analisi degli investimenti climatici per determinare l'efficacia, l'efficienza e l'equit (3E+) delle attivit svolte con questi fondi, attraverso le variabili: tasso di deforestazione, partecipazione degli stakeholder e propriet fondiaria. Dopo la conclusione delle attivit di PROAmazonian nel periodo 2017-2023, i risultati mostrano un aumento del tasso di deforestazione, considerato uno dei pi alti dell'America Latina, causato dalle attivit estrattive.

Le changement climatique est un probl me mondial qui exige une r ponse mondiale urgente. Il ne respecte pas les fronti res et met en vidence des probl mes sociaux, conomiques, culturels et politiques. Il accentue galement les in galit s, les conflits et l'instabilit entre les pays. Le financement du climat est la pierre angulaire de la mat rialisation des accords et des engagements et de la r alisation des objectifs climatiques. Cette recherche analyse le financement climatique pour REDD+ quateur dans le cadre de la CCNUCC, l'intention de PROAmazon. Pour valuer l'impact du financement climatique, une analyse des investissements climatiques a t r alis e afin de d terminer l'efficacit , l'efficience et l' quit (3E+) des activit s men es avec ces fonds, travers les variables suivantes: taux de d forestation, participation des parties prenantes et r gime foncier. Apr s la conclusion des activit s du PROAmazonien au cours de la p riode 2017-2023, les r sultats montrent une augmentation du taux de d forestation, consid r comme l'un des plus lev s d'Am rique latine, caus par les activit s extractivistes.

As altera es clim ticas s o um problema global que exige uma resposta urgente a n vel mundial. N o respeitam fronteiras e p em em evid ncia problemas sociais, econ micos, culturais e pol ticos. Aumentam tamb m as desigualdades, os conflitos e a instabilidade entre pa ses. O financiamento clim tico a pedra angular para a materializa o de acordos, compromissos e o cumprimento dos objectivos clim ticos. Esta pesquisa analisa o financiamento clim tico para REDD+ Equador no mbito da UNFCCC, direcionado ao PROAmazon. Para avaliar o impacto do financiamento clim tico, foi realizada uma an lise de investimento clim tico para determinar a efic cia, efici ncia e equidade (3E+) das atividades realizadas com esses fundos, atrav s das vari veis: taxa de desmatamento, participa o das partes interessadas e posse da terra. Ap s a conclus o das atividades do PROAmaz nia no per odo 2017-2023, os resultados mostram um aumento na taxa de desmatamento, que considerada uma das mais altas da Am rica Latina, causada por atividades extrativistas.

El cambio clim tico como problema global requiere una respuesta urgente global. No respeta fronteras y evidencia problemas sociales, econ micos, culturales y pol ticos. Adem s, ampl a las brechas de desigualdad, conflictos e inestabilidad entre los pa ses. El financiamiento clim tico es la piedra angular para la materializaci n de los acuerdos, compromisos y el cumplimiento de las metas clim ticas. La presente investigaci n analiza el financiamiento clim tico de REDD+ Ecuador bajo la CMNUCC, dirigido a PROAmazon a. Para evaluar el impacto del financiamiento clim tico se realiz un an lisis de la inversi n clim tica para determinar la eficacia, eficiencia y equidad (3E+) de las actividades realizadas con estos fondos, a trav s de las variables: tasa de la deforestaci n, participaci n de stakeholders y tenencia de la tierra. Una vez concluida las actividades de PROAmazon a en el periodo 2017-2023, los resultados demuestran un incremento en la tasa de deforestaci n que es considerada como una de las m s altas de Latinoam rica, provocada por actividades extractivistas.

Networks contain complex patterns of dependency and require multiple levels of analysis to explain their formation, structure, and outcomes. In this Element, the authors develop the Multilevel Network Framework. The framework serves as (i) a conceptual tool to think more deeply about network dynamics, (ii) a research tool to assist in connecting data, theory, and empirical models, and (iii) a diagnostic tool to analyze and categorize bodies of research. The authors then systematically review the network literature in public administration, management, and policy. They apply the Multilevel Network Framework to categorize the literature; identify significant gaps; examine micro, macro and cross-level relations; and examine relevant mechanisms and theories. Overall this Element helps readers to (i) understand and classify network research, (ii) use appropriate theoretical frameworks to examine network-related problems, (iii) understand how networks emerge and produce effects at different levels of analysis, and (iv) select appropriate empirical models.