Almas Heshmati

China, following its radical economic reform has developed rapidly in recent decades with nearly double digit annual economic growth rates. China has experienced a major transformation in its transition from centrally planned economy to a developed and relatively well functioning market economy. This has been facilitated through a vision, strategy, planning, management and skilful implementation of such comprehensive reform program. The planning and implementation of the policy of reforming the economy has affected every aspect of life in China. It has implied organisational reforms and changes in production technology. The changes have required enormous amount of resources in various forms particularly in the energy sector, education and different public and private infrastructures. This book provides an up-to-date and in depth analysis of five factors crucial to the success of the policy and current state of the economy. These include: economic growth, bilateral trade relations, science and technology, flow of foreign direct investment and income inequality. They all together provide a comprehensive picture of the recent developments in the Chinese economy and its path of reform. The development has been a great source of admiration around the world.

This book focuses on the factors that support the strengths of international airlines in general and the Asian airline carriers in particular. Defining the quality of human capital as the level of education and the competence of airline employees, it analyzes the efficiency of 39 airlines in various regions, both in terms of production and cost structures. It argues that, despite Asia’s well-developed and globally competitive manufacturing sector, aided by open market practices, its overall service sector still lags far behind more advanced economies. As this does not stop Asia-based carriers from generally being more efficient than their counterparts in Europe and North America, the book investigates how competitiveness analysis of the airline industry can help Asian policymakers better prepare for the liberalization of the service sector, given how crucial this aspect is for the future growth of the Asia-Pacific region. Efficiency and Competitiveness of International Airlines offers a valuable resource for policymakers, airline employees, and researchers and students of microeconomics.

This book analyzes the effects of power generated by renewable energy sources, renewable energy production technologies, energy efficiency, and market regulation of carbon emissions. It elaborates on how these parameters have direct and indirect effects on carbon emission reduction, such as the results of an environmental tax that could directly reduce carbon emissions by decreasing fossil fuel consumption or by stimulating energy savings through technological innovation, as well as how renewable energy sources can affect both economic growth and the environment. In addition to a detailed analysis of the interrelationships between renewable energy consumption, production technology, and market regulation, The Development of Renewable Energy Sources and its Significance for the Environment proposes a model for measuring the effectiveness and results of the interaction between these links. Furthermore, a structure for a marketplace of renewable energy sources is put forward, as well as an outline of the requirements that must be met in order for this market to function. Suitable policy recommendations to enhance the market for renewable energies are also provided.

This book shows that the existing theories on economic growth have clear limitations in terms of how much they can effectively contribute to actual economic growth. Therefore, this book presents a more effective theory on economic growth for countries and leaders looking to promote economic growth. It is essentially centered around the theory of economic growth and theory of national development, written for agricultural developing countries pursuing industrialization and late-starting industrialized countries pursuing their own development. Nevertheless, it also makes a significant contribution to the very development of human civilization through the growth of developing countries, late-starting industrialized countries and early industrialized countries throughout the world.

This book focuses on the factors that support the strengths of international airlines in general and the Asian airline carriers in particular. Defining the quality of human capital as the level of education and the competence of airline employees, it analyzes the efficiency of 39 airlines in various regions, both in terms of production and cost structures. It argues that, despite Asia’s well-developed and globally competitive manufacturing sector, aided by open market practices, its overall service sector still lags far behind more advanced economies. As this does not stop Asia-based carriers from generally being more efficient than their counterparts in Europe and North America, the book investigates how competitiveness analysis of the airline industry can help Asian policymakers better prepare for the liberalization of the service sector, given how crucial this aspect is for the future growth of the Asia-Pacific region. Efficiency and Competitiveness of International Airlines offers a valuable resource for policymakers, airline employees, and researchers and students of microeconomics.

This book analyzes the effects of power generated by renewable energy sources, renewable energy production technologies, energy efficiency, and market regulation of carbon emissions. It elaborates on how these parameters have direct and indirect effects on carbon emission reduction, such as the results of an environmental tax that could directly reduce carbon emissions by decreasing fossil fuel consumption or by stimulating energy savings through technological innovation, as well as how renewable energy sources can affect both economic growth and the environment. In addition to a detailed analysis of the interrelationships between renewable energy consumption, production technology, and market regulation, The Development of Renewable Energy Sources and its Significance for the Environment proposes a model for measuring the effectiveness and results of the interaction between these links. Furthermore, a structure for a marketplace of renewable energy sources is put forward, as well as an outline of the requirements that must be met in order for this market to function. Suitable policy recommendations to enhance the market for renewable energies are also provided.

This book shows that the existing theories on economic growth have clear limitations in terms of how much they can effectively contribute to actual economic growth. Therefore, this book presents a more effective theory on economic growth for countries and leaders looking to promote economic growth. It is essentially centered around the theory of economic growth and theory of national development, written for agricultural developing countries pursuing industrialization and late-starting industrialized countries pursuing their own development. Nevertheless, it also makes a significant contribution to the very development of human civilization through the growth of developing countries, late-starting industrialized countries and early industrialized countries throughout the world.

‘Globalization, the Human Condition and Sustainable Development in the Twenty-first Century: Cross-national Perspectives and European Implications’ is a cross-national, 175-nation-based exploration of the deep crisis in which Europe currently finds itself. Investigating the effects of dependency theory and world-systems theory upon the global success of eight dimensions of development – including democracy, environmental sustainability, employment, social cohesion, high-quality tertiary education and gender justice – this study argues that the current European crisis has been precipitated by the pro-globalist policies of the European Commission, and that in the near future these policies threaten to enter Europe into a destructive ‘race to the bottom’.

Stability of the electricity industry is crucial for economic growth of all nations. Sustainable economic growth cannot be accomplished without secured energy supply. The book underlines how management of the electricity industry should be conducted and the efficient form of electricity market structure. The book also studies the electricity industry in Korea which has been a strongly supportive and vital factor in the economic development of Korea for the last few decades. The book focuses on the three market players of the electricity market and they are the suppliers, consumers and the government-related organizations. It includes detailed information on generation and finances at the generator level and analyzes the efficiency differences among generators, plants and business units by using different performance measurement methods. It identifies and analyzes different production factors' effectiveness and relationships in generation. The comprehensive analysis helps to provide explanations in the differences in the performance of the studied units. The book also discusses the implications of the findings for future resource allocation and how we can further enhance the efficiency of the industry. The book will appeal to those interested in energy and energy policies, as well as researchers and practitioners in the economic development and electricity and utilities industry.

‘Globalization, the Human Condition and Sustainable Development in the Twenty-first Century: Cross-national Perspectives and European Implications’ is a cross-national, 175-nation-based exploration of the deep crisis in which Europe currently finds itself. Investigating the effects of dependency theory and world-systems theory upon the global success of eight dimensions of development – including democracy, environmental sustainability, employment, social cohesion, high-quality tertiary education and gender justice – this study argues that the current European crisis has been precipitated by the pro-globalist policies of the European Commission, and that in the near future these policies threaten to enter Europe into a destructive ‘race to the bottom’.

Southern Kurdistan is a region located in Northern Iraq. This title covers certain aspects in regard to the economy of Southern Kurdistan that include the labor market policy concerning different public and private employment programs, and the economic development plan and policy of the regional government.

Stability of the electricity industry is crucial for economic growth of all nations. Sustainable economic growth cannot be accomplished without secured energy supply. The book underlines how management of the electricity industry should be conducted and the efficient form of electricity market structure. The book also studies the electricity industry in Korea which has been a strongly supportive and vital factor in the economic development of Korea for the last few decades. The book focuses on the three market players of the electricity market and they are the suppliers, consumers and the government-related organizations. It includes detailed information on generation and finances at the generator level and analyzes the efficiency differences among generators, plants and business units by using different performance measurement methods. It identifies and analyzes different production factors' effectiveness and relationships in generation. The comprehensive analysis helps to provide explanations in the differences in the performance of the studied units. The book also discusses the implications of the findings for future resource allocation and how we can further enhance the efficiency of the industry. The book will appeal to those interested in energy and energy policies, as well as researchers and practitioners in the economic development and electricity and utilities industry.

Southern Kurdistan is a region located in Northern Iraq. This book covers certain aspects in regard to the economy of Southern Kurdistan, including the labour market policy concerning different public and private employment programs; the mismatch of education produced and skills demanded for development; and, more.

This book examines the current economic practices of water management in the Southern Kurdistan Region (SKR) and suggests ways to change environmental conditions to encourage the region's decision-makers to pursue sustainable resource development through interstate and within Kurdistan Region KRG-consumers' co-operation. The focus is on: making a comparative study of water resources between Iraq, its neighbouring countries, MENA and the world averages; conducting a sector analysis to identify and quantify available water resources, the needs and sub-optimality in their uses; analysing current allocation of water and quantifying and suggesting necessary reductions in wasteful use of water resources; designing water policies and suggesting measures that improve regional water planning and management practices; developing techniques and models in the projection of demand, supply and future utilisation patterns and quantification of the water gap; suggesting alternatives for provision of water to areas facing scarcity on the basis of sustainable long-term and minimum cost solutions; suggesting necessary mechanisms for approaching interstate co-operation and for participating in the building of inter-regional institutions; proposing economically and environmentally optimal practices for within region and interstate co-operation and resource management; suggesting opportunities for increased government investment in the development and management of the water market.

Creation of firms with new ideas, their growth, and exit of inefficient ones constitute the essence of creative destruction which has been the engine of capitalist society. By observing the process of birth, growth, and death of firms, we can understand the overall picture of dynamics that an industry experiences over the life cycle The book contains nine chapters of which nine are contributed chapters, and is divided into three parts: The first part shows some stylised facts of industrial dynamics in Korea and Japan. The second part deals with the issue of globalisation and innovation from the perspective of industry dynamics. The last part investigates the implication of size on the Korean manufacturing industry. The common feature of all contributions is found in the approach used. Thus, the authors do not focus on the theoretical models but on numerical evidences. Japan has taken the lead position in the level of technology and industrial performance as characterised by its competitive large companies and

This book serves as an international forum focusing on the transfer of technology and the exchange of ideas that are informative and enhances the practice of technology transfer to developing and newly industrialised countries. In particular the focus is on practitioners' views, management practices and strategies toward technology transfer and evaluation of their outcomes. The internal organisation and external environment that affects these practices and strategies including public policy developments, regulatory and legal issues, and development of global trends are also discussed by the experts in the field in different forms and at different levels.

This book examines income inequality and income distribution by focusing on the compilation of economic concepts, statistical and econometrics techniques developed and used in the measurement and empirical analysis of inequality at different levels. In particular, a number of issues crucial to the studies of global income inequality are addressed. These are the concepts, measurements and decomposition of inequality throughout the world's distribution of income. Inequality is measured at different levels such as at the global, continental, international, intra-national and regional levels. Experiences gained from the analysis on these issues are then reflected in a discussion of the data and their role in the generation of the disparity and direction of changes in global income inequality. This book represents new developments in various decomposition of income and poverty measurements to illustrate methods, their usefulness and empirical results. In the evaluation of diverse methodologies, their strength and weaknesses are highlighted.