Ashok Singh

Welcome to this Textbook of virology, this book offers insights into the nature of viruses, their biology, and their impact on human health. We start with an overview of virology, covering the general characteristics, discovery, morphology and taxonomy of viruses. Subsequent chapters focus on virus cultivation techniques used in laboratories, emphasizing both DNA and RNA viruses, their structures, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of disease caused by these viruses. Additionally, we discuss antiviral agents, detailing how these medications function and their importance in treating viral infections. Each chapter is designed to provide a solid foundation in virology, and to be useful to undergraduate and postgraduate microbiology students, researchers, and healthcare professionals concerned with the significance of viruses in public health.

La mycologie m dicale fait r f rence l' tude des champignons qui produisent des maladies chez les humains et d'autres animaux. Les champignons sont des micro-organismes eucaryotes. Les champignons peuvent se pr senter sous forme de levures, de moisissures ou sous une combinaison des deux formes. Ces notes fournissent aux tudiants les derni res informations sur les infections fongiques, en commen ant par un aper u g n ral expliquant les caract res g n raux, la morphologie, la classification des champignons et des maladies fongiques et la reproduction des champignons. D'autres chapitres couvrent les diff rentes cat gories d'infections fongiques, notamment les mycoses cutan es superficielles, les mycoses sous-cutan es, les mycoses syst miques, les mycoses opportunistes et les infections fongiques des yeux et des oreilles. Pour chacune des maladies fongiques m dicalement importantes, nous avons tent d'int grer les aspects fondamentaux de la mycologie avec une compr hension des caract ristiques morphologiques et culturelles, de la pathogen se de l'infection, des caract ristiques cliniques, du diagnostic en laboratoire et du traitement des maladies fongiques. Nous demandons et invitons galement nos tudiants envoyer leurs pr cieux conseils et critiques pour am liorer davantage ce livre.

La micologia medica si riferisce allo studio dei funghi che producono malattie negli esseri umani e in altri animali. I funghi sono microrganismi eucarioti. I funghi possono presentarsi come lieviti, muffe o come una combinazione di entrambe le forme. Queste note forniscono agli studenti le informazioni pi recenti sulle infezioni fungine, iniziando con una panoramica generale che spiega i caratteri generali, la morfologia, la classificazione dei funghi e delle malattie fungine e la riproduzione dei funghi. Altri capitoli trattano le diverse categorie di infezioni fungine tra cui micosi cutanee superficiali, micosi sottocutanee, micosi sistemiche, micosi opportunistiche e infezioni fungine dell'occhio e dell'orecchio. Per ciascuna delle malattie fungine importanti dal punto di vista medico, abbiamo tentato di integrare gli aspetti di base della micologia con la comprensione delle caratteristiche morfologiche e culturali, la patogenesi dell'infezione, le caratteristiche cliniche, la diagnosi di laboratorio e il trattamento delle malattie fungine. Chiediamo inoltre e invitiamo i nostri studenti a inviare i loro preziosi consigli e critiche per un ulteriore miglioramento di questo libro.

Micologia m dica refere-se ao estudo de fungos que produzem doen as em humanos e outros animais. Os fungos s o microrganismos eucari ticos. Os fungos podem ocorrer como leveduras, bolores ou como uma combina o de ambas as formas. Estas notas fornecem aos alunos as informa es mais recentes sobre infec es f ngicas, come ando com uma vis o geral explicando caracter sticas gerais, morfologia, classifica o de fungos e doen as f ngicas e reprodu o de fungos. Outros cap tulos cobrem as diferentes categorias de infec o f ngica, incluindo micoses cut neas superficiais, micoses subcut neas, micoses sist micas, micoses oportunistas e infec es f ngicas de olhos e ouvidos. Para cada uma das doen as f ngicas de import ncia m dica, tentamos integrar aspectos b sicos da micologia com uma compreens o das caracter sticas morfol gicas e culturais, patog nese da infec o, caracter sticas cl nicas, diagn stico laboratorial e tratamento de doen as f ngicas. Al m disso, solicitamos e convidamos nossos alunos a enviarem suas preciosas dicas e cr ticas para o aprimoramento deste livro.

Unter medizinischer Mykologie versteht man die Untersuchung von Pilzen, die bei Menschen und anderen Tieren Krankheiten hervorrufen. Pilze sind eukaryotische Mikroorganismen. Pilze k nnen als Hefen, Schimmelpilze oder als Kombination beider Formen vorkommen. Diese Notizen bieten den Sch lern die neuesten Informationen zu Pilzinfektionen, beginnend mit einem allgemeinen berblick, in dem die allgemeinen Merkmale, die Morphologie, die Klassifizierung von Pilzen und Pilzkrankheiten sowie die Vermehrung von Pilzen erl utert werden. In weiteren Kapiteln werden die verschiedenen Kategorien von Pilzinfektionen behandelt, darunter oberfl chliche Hautmykosen, subkutane Mykosen, systemische Mykosen, opportunistische Mykosen und Pilzinfektionen von Auge und Ohr. F r jede der medizinisch wichtigen Pilzerkrankungen haben wir versucht, grundlegende Aspekte der Mykologie mit einem Verst ndnis der morphologischen und kulturellen Merkmale, der Pathogenese der Infektion, der klinischen Merkmale, der Labordiagnose und der Behandlung von Pilzerkrankungen zu verbinden. Dar ber hinaus bitten und begr en wir unsere Studierenden, ihre wertvollen Tipps und Kritik zur weiteren Verbesserung dieses Buches zu senden.

Medical mycology refers to the study of fungi that produce disease in humans and other animals. Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms. Fungi can occur as yeasts, molds, or as a combination of both forms. These notes provide students with the latest information on fungal infections, beginning with a general overview explaining general characters, morphology, classification of fungi and fungal diseases and reproduction of fungi. Another chapters cover the different categories of fungal infection including superficial cutaneous mycoses, subcutaneous mycoses, systemic mycoses, opportunistic mycoses and fungal infections of eye and ear. For each of the medically important fungal diseases, we have attempted to integrate basic aspects of mycology with an understanding of morphological and cultural characteristics, pathogenesis of infection, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of fungal disease. We additionally request and welcome our students to send their precious tips and criticisms for further improvement of this book.

"Alcohol is the anesthesia by which we endure the operation of life" (George Bernard Shaw, 1932). Mr. Shaw's view of alcohol is relevant in 2018 because millions of people around the world drink alcoholic beverage to cope with the stress of a modern lifestyle. Currently, approximately 30 million people in the U. S. practice risky drinking, a remarkable 50 percent increase from 2003. About 17% of men and 8% of women may develop a dependence on alcohol in their lifetime, adding substantial cost to the society. A recent trend of poly-drug abuse is a more dangerous situation because mixing of alcohol with other drugs such as opioids may synergistically augment the severity of alcohol's adverse effects. Despite the seriousness of the situation, a clear understanding of addiction mechanisms is lacking. This book provides unified mechanisms underlying alcohol addiction, alcohol's interaction with other drugs and then discuss the current and novel alcoholism treatment approaches.