Carl N Toney

Drawing upon over fifty years of scholarly experience of one of the most industrious contemporary scholars, this work, which was first published in 1975, has been revised, updated, and expanded to offer a fresh, in-depth introduction to the New Testament for today's students. Students will be immersed into the world of the first century, learning about both Greco-Roman and Jewish backgrounds. While discussing the fundamental questions surrounding the content of each book including its authorship, audience, and message, this work also engages with the wider historical-critical discussion, helping students navigate the wider world of modern New Testament scholarship. Ralph P. Martin (1925-2013) was Professor of New Testament at Azusa Pacific University and Fuller Seminary. He is the author of numerous works including the Word Biblical Commentaries on 2 Corinthians, Philippians, and James. He was the editor of the Dictionary of Paul and His Letters (2003) as well as Dictionary of the Later New Testament and Its Developments (1997). Carl N. Toney is Professor of New Testament at Hope International University. He is the author of Paul's Inclusive Ethic (2008) and co-wrote 2 Corinthians (2009), of the Cornerstone Commentary series, with Ralph P. Martin.

Drawing upon over fifty years of scholarly experience of one of the most industrious contemporary scholars, this work, which was first published in 1975, has been revised, updated, and expanded to offer a fresh, in-depth introduction to the New Testament for today's students. Students will be immersed into the world of the first century, learning about both Greco-Roman and Jewish backgrounds. While discussing the fundamental questions surrounding the content of each book including its authorship, audience, and message, this work also engages with the wider historical-critical discussion, helping students navigate the wider world of modern New Testament scholarship. Ralph P. Martin (1925-2013) was Professor of New Testament at Azusa Pacific University and Fuller Seminary. He is the author of numerous works including the Word Biblical Commentaries on 2 Corinthians, Philippians, and James. He was the editor of the Dictionary of Paul and His Letters (2003) as well as Dictionary of the Later New Testament and Its Developments (1997). Carl N. Toney is Professor of New Testament at Hope International University. He is the author of Paul's Inclusive Ethic (2008) and co-wrote 2 Corinthians (2009), of the Cornerstone Commentary series, with Ralph P. Martin.

In Rom 14-15 Paul promotes an inclusive ethic by advising the strong (mainly Gentile Christians) to allow for certain Jewish practices performed by the weak (mainly Jewish Christians) in order to unify the Roman Christian community through an environment that is not socially divisive so as to advance his broader vision of unifying Jewish and Gentile Christians and to encourage an outward mission to non-Christians in Rome. In the first half of the study, Carl N. Toney focuses upon Rom 14-15. He begins with a social reconstruction of the Roman Christian community by exploring the problem of the divisions created when both Jewish and Gentile believers blur their Christian identity with culturally divisive practices related to the adherence or rejection of Jewish diet and days and the negative social impact of those choices. Next, in an exegetical study he considers how in Rom 14:1-15:6 Paul presents his inclusive ethic, which offers a solution to these divisions, and the expansion of this ethic in Rom 15:7-13, which promotes an outward mission to non-Christians. The second half of the study interprets Rom 14-15 in light of insights gained from Rom 11 and 1 Cor 8-10. Thus, both the inclusive ethic and concern for mission, as presented in Rom 14-15, are rooted in the letter's prior argument in Rom 11 that Gentile Christians have an obligation to Christian and non-Christian Jews. Also, Paul adapts his previous arguments from 1 Cor 8-10 of "becoming all things to all people" so as to promote in Rom 14-15 an accommodation to others both inside and outside the Roman community.