Cathleen Stasz

The Kurdistan Region Iraq (KRI) is enjoying rapid economic growth, creating many new jobs that require a solid education and technical skills. The Kurdistan Regional Government has expanded opportunities for post-secondary technical and university education, secondary-level vocational education has lagged. Even though the region is establishing new vocational education centers, more work is needed to address current shortcomings and future needs."

The government of Qatar has made significant investments in post-secondary education to ensure that Qataris are able to contribute to the country's social and economic goals. The authors describe RAND's analysis of occupational demand and related post-secondary educational opportunities, and offer recommendations for improving the country's current provision of post-secondary education.

Many believe that the workplace has changed in ways that require workers with higher and more varied skills--and that schools are not producing students with such skills. In this study, the authors sought to better understand skills required in technical work, the institutional context in which work takes place, and employers' strategies for meeting perceived skill requirements. The study used a sociocultural approach to examine skills and work-related dispositions (tendencies to use one's capabilities on the job) in four diverse industries. A rich picture emerged, demonstrating that work context matters in the consideration of skills: workplaces are complex, dynamic social systems that defy simplistic categorization of skills and straightforward matching of skill requirements to jobs. The study also found that employers do not necessarily understand the skills required, especially for frontline workers, nor adopt effective strategies for identifying and developing those skills. For example, employers have few connections to education providers and do not fully utilize industry skill certification. These and other findings raise questions about current public policy on school reform and skill standards.