Chris Reed

This book proposes a regulatory system for ensuring that AI makes fair decisions. No one wants to be the subject of an unfair decision made by an AI, and fairness is so important to society that we are likely to want to regulate to demand it. But how? This book attempts to answer that question. The aim of regulation must be for an AI’s decisions to match the human conception of fairness. To understand what that is, the book proposes a holistic understanding of fairness, which tells us what regulation must try to achieve. However, regulation is not an abstract activity – it regulates how humans behave, and the humans in question are those who develop and use AI for decision-making. Thus the book investigates how those humans are attempting to achieve AI fairness. It finds that there is a serious mismatch between how technologists conceptualise fairness, compared to other humans. How can AI regulation bridge this gap? Traditional models of regulation cannot solve this problem. Fairness is too nuanced, too contextual, and is ultimately a human emotional response. Instead the book proposes to place the responsibility on the AI community to explain and justify their efforts to achieve fairness, basing regulatory and legal responses on how well that explanation deals with the risks that particular AI presents, and whether the AI operates in accordance with the explanation in use. The book concludes by examining how far this regulatory model might be useful for some of the other social problems which AI generates. An original and significant contribution to the literature on AI regulation, this book is a must-read for those working in the areas of law, regulation, and technology.

In his book, A Call To Christians, author Chris Reed leads us through James 4:1-12, showing us how to resist our sinful "passions at war within" by submitting to God, resisting the devil, and drawing near to Christ.

This book proposes a regulatory system for ensuring that AI makes fair decisions. No one wants to be the subject of an unfair decision made by an AI, and fairness is so important to society that we are likely to want to regulate to demand it. But how? This book attempts to answer that question. The aim of regulation must be for an AI’s decisions to match the human conception of fairness. To understand what that is, the book proposes a holistic understanding of fairness, which tells us what regulation must try to achieve. However, regulation is not an abstract activity – it regulates how humans behave, and the humans in question are those who develop and use AI for decision-making. Thus the book investigates how those humans are attempting to achieve AI fairness. It finds that there is a serious mismatch between how technologists conceptualise fairness, compared to other humans. How can AI regulation bridge this gap? Traditional models of regulation cannot solve this problem. Fairness is too nuanced, too contextual, and is ultimately a human emotional response. Instead the book proposes to place the responsibility on the AI community to explain and justify their efforts to achieve fairness, basing regulatory and legal responses on how well that explanation deals with the risks that particular AI presents, and whether the AI operates in accordance with the explanation in use. The book concludes by examining how far this regulatory model might be useful for some of the other social problems which AI generates. An original and significant contribution to the literature on AI regulation, this book is a must-read for those working in the areas of law, regulation, and technology.

Mise-en-Scène is an immersive exploration of the social lives of urban landscapes - the actors and actions that compose the daily theatre of urban life. Conceived as a unique collaboration between an urbanist, Chris Reed, and a photographer, Mike Belleme, the book combines photo essays, original maps and drawings, newly commissioned essays, excerpts from historical writings, and interviews with residents. The result is a rigorous and artful examination of the social, cultural, environmental, and economic challenges of life in American cities today. Richly illustrated and designed to appeal to a broad audience of architects, designers, photographers, and general public interested in the contemporary city, the book is centred around seven visual case studies depicting life in seven American cities: Los Angeles, Galveston, St. Louis, Green Bay, Ann Arbor, Detroit, and Boston. Each case study combines black-and-white photography - taken from street level, often in intimate detail - with annotations and drawings that highlight urban forms. An inherent interconnectedness across geographies, scales, and situations emerges throughout the book. Reed and Belleme demonstrate how a celebratory moment can be felt equally in Green Bay’s compact downtown or amidst the chaos and sprawl of Los Angeles, and how while the tensions present in the redevelopment of previously inundated waterfronts in Boston or Galveston can be understood in parallel with an urgent set of conversations on race and identity in St. Louis. Six essays by a diverse and interdisciplinary group of contributors prompt further reflection on the visual case studies. Chris Reed writes on the social lives of cities, designer Sara Zewde on the image of the city, artist De Nichols about social equity and identity, ecologist Nina-Marie Lister on the climate imperative, curator Mimi Zeiger on cities and culture, and architect Julia Czerniak on design practice. Through this thoughtful exploration of everyday moments and the urbanism that supports them, Reed and Belleme present new opportunities for creating direct interaction between citizens and propose an ecological and social focus for city-building around a concept of common ground.

Shadow of Thought is a compilation of revelations and hopes based on his life experiences. It is his hope that others may receive comfort and inspiration from his thoughts. Through Poetry that he can have a dedication of his life written down for all of time and just maybe help the future generation in some small way.

Cyberspace is a difficult area for lawyers and lawmakers. With no physical constraining borders, the question of who is the legitimate lawmaker for cyberspace is complex. Rethinking the Jurisprudence of Cyberspace examines how laws can gain legitimacy in cyberspace and identifies the limits of the law’s authority in this space. Two key questions are central to the book: Who has authority to make laws within cyberspace and how do laws in cyberspace achieve legitimacy? Chris Reed and Andrew Murray answer these questions by examining the jurisprudential principles that explain law in the physical world and rethinking them for the cyberworld. In doing so they establish that cyberlaw is more similar to traditional law than previously thought, but that establishing legitimate authority is quite different. This book provides the first thorough examination of the jurisprudence of cyberspace law, asking why any law should be obeyed and how the rule of law is to be maintained there. Academics and researchers who are interested in the regulation of cyberspace will find this to be a compelling study. More broadly, it will appeal to those researching in the fields of transnational legal studies, jurisprudence and legal thought.

Cyberspace is a difficult area for lawyers and lawmakers. With no physical constraining borders, the question of who is the legitimate lawmaker for cyberspace is complex. Rethinking the Jurisprudence of Cyberspace examines how laws can gain legitimacy in cyberspace and identifies the limits of the law’s authority in this space. Two key questions are central to the book: Who has authority to make laws within cyberspace and how do laws in cyberspace achieve legitimacy? Chris Reed and Andrew Murray answer these questions by examining the jurisprudential principles that explain law in the physical world and rethinking them for the cyberworld. In doing so they establish that cyberlaw is more similar to traditional law than previously thought, but that establishing legitimate authority is quite different. This book provides the first thorough examination of the jurisprudence of cyberspace law, asking why any law should be obeyed and how the rule of law is to be maintained there. Academics and researchers who are interested in the regulation of cyberspace will find this to be a compelling study. More broadly, it will appeal to those researching in the fields of transnational legal studies, jurisprudence and legal thought.

This revised, expanded edition chronicles the development and career of the world’s predominant military airlifter, from its origins in the depths of the Cold War through the present day. It includes new information and pictures on current variants, along with updated appendices with present day units and active aircraft. Over 190 photographs show the “Herk” in a variety of roles and paint schemes: coverage includes gunships, electronic warfare and reconnaissance models, testbed and special use aircraft, and Navy models. Close-up detail photos of several variants will be of interest to scale modellers.

Providing a scholarly analysis of how to govern and make the right kinds of laws for cyberspace, in this work, Professor Reed investigates the vast majority of cyberspace users who wish to act lawfully and asks whether the current state of law in cyberspace makes it possible for them to do so. If not, why not, and what is the cure? In this book, Professor Reed puts forward a new model for cyberspace laws which focuses on human actions rather than the technology used. Arguing that, in cyberspace, law works primarily through voluntary obedience rather than fear of enforcement, Professor Reed explains his thoughtful and controversial new viewpoint as to how cyberspace laws should be devised and re-opens the debate as to the value of law for regulating cyberspace and how best to influence the behaviour of cyberspace actors. The only text to comprehensively analyse European cyberspace lawmaking, this book provides a new perspective to the debate about the proper shape and scope of internet laws.

Providing a scholarly analysis of how to govern and make the right kinds of laws for cyberspace, in this work, Professor Reed investigates the vast majority of cyberspace users who wish to act lawfully and asks whether the current state of law in cyberspace makes it possible for them to do so. If not, why not, and what is the cure? In this book, Professor Reed puts forward a new model for cyberspace laws which focuses on human actions rather than the technology used. Arguing that, in cyberspace, law works primarily through voluntary obedience rather than fear of enforcement, Professor Reed explains his thoughtful and controversial new viewpoint as to how cyberspace laws should be devised and re-opens the debate as to the value of law for regulating cyberspace and how best to influence the behaviour of cyberspace actors. The only text to comprehensively analyse European cyberspace lawmaking, this book provides a new perspective to the debate about the proper shape and scope of internet laws.

This edition is fully updated to reflect the Digital Economy Act 2010 and changes to consumer protection law at EU level including the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive. Analysis of recent case law is also incorporated including, amongst others, the series of trade mark actions against eBay and copyrights suits against Google as well as the implications for IT contracts of BSkyB Ltd v HP Enterprise Services UK Ltd. All chapters have been revised to take into account the rapid evolution of the ways in which we consume, generate, store and exchange information, such as cloud computing, off-shoring and Web 2.0. Now established as a standard text on computer and information technology law, this book analyses the unique legal problems which arise from computing technology and transactions carried out through the exchange of digital information rather than human interaction. Topics covered range from contractual matters and intellectual property protection to electronic commerce, data protection and liability of internet service providers. Competition law issues are integrated into the various commercial sections as they arise to indicate their interaction with information technology law.

The common fallacy regarding cyberspace is that the Internet is a new jurisdiction, in which none of the existing rules and regulations apply. However, all the actors involved in an Internet transaction live in one or more existing jurisdictions, so rather than being unregulated, the Internet is arguably highly regulated. Worse, much of this law and regulation is contradictory and difficult, or impossible, to comply with. This book takes a global view of the fundamental legal issues raised by the advent of the Internet as an international communications mechanism. Legal and other materials are integrated to support the discussion of how technological, economic and political factors are shaping the law governing the Internet. Global trends in legal issues are addressed and the effectiveness of potential mechanisms for legal change that are applicable to Internet law are also examined. Of interest to students and practitioners in computer and electronic commerce law.

Still the largest U. S. military aircraft more than three decades after its first flight, the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy remains an integral part of Air Mobility Command into the 21st century. Lockheed C-5 Galaxy chronicles the development and service career of this behemoth of the airways, starting with the early 1960s requirement for a larger airlifter to supplement the C-141A, through Galaxy’s troubled early history to the type’s service during the Nickel Grass, Desert Shield, and other airlift operations. Several Galaxy counterparts, such as the Antonov An-124, are also depicted. Over 140 photographs, nearly all in color and many never before published, show the C-5 and other airlifters in a variety of paint schemes, while detail shots will be of use to the scale modeler.