Christoph Meinel

How does the most important technology of our time - the Internet and WWW – work? The authors explain in simple language and in short the individual technical building blocks and organizational structures, behind the greatest innovation of our time. Only those who know how the technologies that determine our everyday lives can deal with them confidently and in souvereignity. Although digitalization is shaping our daily lives, the technologies behind the Internet and WWW remain obscure to most people. This book provides the key to understanding the huge developments of our time.

Die mathematischen Grundlagen der Informatik werden anhand von Definitionen und Beispielen anschaulich eingeführt. Ziel des Buches, nun in einer korrigierten und aktualisierten Fassung, ist es, systematisch die für die Informatik typischen und grundlegenden mathematischen Denkweisen vorzustellen – ohne dabei auf besondere, die übliche Schulmathematik übersteigende Vorkenntnisse aufzubauen.

Wie funktioniert die wichtigste Technologie unserer Zeit – Internet und WWW? Die Autoren erklären in einfacher Sprache und in kurzen Abschnitten die einzelnen technischen Bausteine und Organisationsstrukturen, die hinter der größten Innovation der Gegenwart stehen. Damit leisten sie einen Beitrag zur digitalen Aufklärung: Nur wer weiß, wie die Technologien funktionieren, die unseren Alltag bestimmen, kann souverän mit ihnen umgehen. Obwohl die Digitalisierung das tägliche Leben prägt, bleiben die Technologien, die hinter Internet und WWW stehen, vielen verschlossenen. Das Buch liefert den Schlüssel zum Verständnis der gewaltigen Entwicklungen unserer Zeit.

This book focuses on the innovation of blockchain technology and the advantages it offers. It provides a clear and comprehensive overview of blockchain technology and its possibilities, and thereby helps readers to form an opinion and draw their own conclusions about its potential exploitations. The book begins with a chapter on the topic of decentralized networks, which familiarizes readers with their challenges by using the example of an online trading platform. Hereinafter, it is then detailed what blockchain technology is, where it comes from, and how it works. The necessary underlying technologies are explained, and various individual approaches as well as their composition are presented. Using well-known examples such as Bitcoin and Ethereum as an illustration, the book looks at the architecture of blockchain technology and focuses on the challenges such as security and scalability. The options available when introducing blockchain technology are also outlined, and best-practice examples are presented to get a better idea of what areas benefit from this technology. Numerous examples and detailed explanations will accompany the readers throughout the book. By the time they have reached the end, they will be able to decide for themselves what is truly innovative about blockchain technology and what is nothing more than hype.

This book discusses how the methods and mindsets of design thinking empower large organizations to create groundbreaking innovations. Arguing that innovations must effectively tackle so-called “wicked problems,” it shows how design thinking enables managers and innovators to create the organizational spaces and practices needed for breakthrough innovations. Design thinking equips actors with the tools and methods for harnessing the creative tensions inherent in pluralist, often conflicting disciplinary approaches. This, however, requires the transformation of contemporary organizational cultures away from monolithic, integrated models (or identities) toward more pluralist, dynamic and flexible institutional identities. Based on real-world cases from a wide range of organizations around the globe, the book offers managers and innovators practical guidance on initiating and managing the cultural transformations required for effective innovation.

This book discusses how the methods and mindsets of design thinking empower large organizations to create groundbreaking innovations. Arguing that innovations must effectively tackle so-called “wicked problems,” it shows how design thinking enables managers and innovators to create the organizational spaces and practices needed for breakthrough innovations. Design thinking equips actors with the tools and methods for harnessing the creative tensions inherent in pluralist, often conflicting disciplinary approaches. This, however, requires the transformation of contemporary organizational cultures away from monolithic, integrated models (or identities) toward more pluralist, dynamic and flexible institutional identities. Based on real-world cases from a wide range of organizations around the globe, the book offers managers and innovators practical guidance on initiating and managing the cultural transformations required for effective innovation.

This book represents an attempt to fully review the phenomenon of the blogosphere. The intention is to provide a reliable guide to understanding and analyzing the world of the unimaginable number of diverse blogs, each consisting of innumerable posts, which in their entirety form the blogosphere. We go on to answer the questions of how to grasp the complexity of the blogosphere and extract useful knowledge from it. In setting out to write this book, our central aim was to increase the reader’s awareness and understanding of the blogosphere phenomenon, including its structure and characteristics. This can be achieved through a better understanding of individual blogs and their particular technical characteristics, as well as a deeper knowledge of how a single blog is embedded and interconnected within the entire blogosphere. The shape and form of the blogosphere can be described using the analogy of different continents. In our description the defining features and characteristics of the continents are illustrated by paradigmatic example blogs. Following on from the structural analysis we provide details of the available methods and describe the complex challenge of automatically retrieving information from the abundance of data contained in the blogosphere. Finally, we present our blog search platform, called BLOGINTELLIGENCE and describe all the tools and features we have developed during the last couple of years to explore the blogosphere.

The authors give a detailed summary about the fundamentals and the historical background of digital communication. This includes an overview of the encoding principles and algorithms of textual information, audio information, as well as images, graphics, and video in the Internet. Furthermore the fundamentals of computer networking, digital security and cryptography are covered. Thus, the book provides a well-founded access to communication technology of computer networks, the internet and the WWW. Numerous pictures and images, a subject-index and a detailed list of historical personalities including a glossary for each chapter increase the practical benefit of this book that is well suited as well as for undergraduate students as for working practitioners.

This book is supposed to serve as a comprehensive and instructive guide through the new world of digital communication. On the physical layer optical and electrical cabling technology are described as well as wireless communication technologies. On the data link layer local area networks (LANs) are introduced together with the most popular LAN technologies such as Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, and ATM as well as wireless LAN technologies including IEEE 802.x, Bluetooth, or ZigBee. A wide range of WAN technologies are covered including contemporary high speed technologies like PDH and SDH up to high speed wireless WANs (WiMAX) and 4th generation wireless telephone networks LTE. Routing technologies conclude the treatment of the data link layer. Next, there is the Internet layer with the Internet protocol IP that establishes a virtual uniform network out of the net of heterogeneous networks. In detail, both versions, IPv4 as well as the successor IPv6 are covered in detail as well as ICMP, NDP, and Mobile IP. In the subsequent transport layer protocol functions are provided to offer a connection-oriented and reliable transport service on the basis of the simple and unreliable IP. The basic protocols TCP and UDP are introduced as well as NAT, the network address translation. Beside transport layer security protocols like SSL and TLS are presented. On the upmost application layer popular Internet application protocols are described like DNS, SMTP, PGP, (S)FTP, NFS, SSH, DHCP, SNMP, RTP, RTCP, RTSP, and World Wide Web.

This book represents an attempt to fully review the phenomenon of the blogosphere. The intention is to provide a reliable guide to understanding and analyzing the world of the unimaginable number of diverse blogs, each consisting of innumerable posts, which in their entirety form the blogosphere. We go on to answer the questions of how to grasp the complexity of the blogosphere and extract useful knowledge from it. In setting out to write this book, our central aim was to increase the reader’s awareness and understanding of the blogosphere phenomenon, including its structure and characteristics. This can be achieved through a better understanding of individual blogs and their particular technical characteristics, as well as a deeper knowledge of how a single blog is embedded and interconnected within the entire blogosphere. The shape and form of the blogosphere can be described using the analogy of different continents. In our description the defining features and characteristics of the continents are illustrated by paradigmatic example blogs. Following on from the structural analysis we provide details of the available methods and describe the complex challenge of automatically retrieving information from the abundance of data contained in the blogosphere. Finally, we present our blog search platform, called BLOGINTELLIGENCE and describe all the tools and features we have developed during the last couple of years to explore the blogosphere.

Information security systems have become more popular due to the prevalence of criminal activity over benign attacks. Because computer systems are constantly changing, it is important to explore new security measures and unconventional approaches to solving issues. Information Security in Diverse Computing Environments provides the latest empirical research and theoretical frameworks in the area of information security. This reference book presents research on developing sufficient security measures for new environments by discussing challenges faced by researchers as well as unconventional solutions to these problems. This book will be useful for academics, students, professionals, executives, and researchers who want to improve their understanding of the role of information security at different levels of the knowledge society.

The authors give a detailed summary about the fundamentals and the historical background of digital communication. This includes an overview of the encoding principles and algorithms of textual information, audio information, as well as images, graphics, and video in the Internet. Furthermore the fundamentals of computer networking, digital security and cryptography are covered. Thus, the book provides a well-founded access to communication technology of computer networks, the internet and the WWW. Numerous pictures and images, a subject-index and a detailed list of historical personalities including a glossary for each chapter increase the practical benefit of this book that is well suited as well as for undergraduate students as for working practitioners.

Das globale Internet ist ein offenes Netz, das heißt nicht begrenzt und für jedermann zugänglich. Allerdings hat diese Offenheit ihren Preis: Es gibt keine zentrale Kontrolle, die z. B. Unbefugten Einblick in die Kommunikation und damit in die Privatsphäre anderer Internetnutzer verwehren würde. Um dennoch einen ausreichenden Schutz der Vertraulichkeit und Privatsphäre zu gewährleisten, müssen in eigener Verantwortung Techniken und Tools aus der Kryptografie eingesetzt werden, die Nachrichten verschlüsseln oder deren Unversehrtheit sicherstellen helfen. Die Autoren zeigen unterschiedliche Wege auf, wie der Schutz der Privatsphäre im Internet wiederhergestellt werden kann.

This book is supposed to serve as a comprehensive and instructive guide through the new world of digital communication. On the physical layer optical and electrical cabling technology are described as well as wireless communication technologies. On the data link layer local area networks (LANs) are introduced together with the most popular LAN technologies such as Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, and ATM as well as wireless LAN technologies including IEEE 802.x, Bluetooth, or ZigBee. A wide range of WAN technologies are covered including contemporary high speed technologies like PDH and SDH up to high speed wireless WANs (WiMAX) and 4th generation wireless telephone networks LTE. Routing technologies conclude the treatment of the data link layer. Next, there is the Internet layer with the Internet protocol IP that establishes a virtual uniform network out of the net of heterogeneous networks. In detail, both versions, IPv4 as well as the successor IPv6 are covered in detail as well as ICMP, NDP, and Mobile IP. In the subsequent transport layer protocol functions are provided to offer a connection-oriented and reliable transport service on the basis of the simple and unreliable IP. The basic protocols TCP and UDP are introduced as well as NAT, the network address translation. Beside transport layer security protocols like SSL and TLS are presented. On the upmost application layer popular Internet application protocols are described like DNS, SMTP, PGP, (S)FTP, NFS, SSH, DHCP, SNMP, RTP, RTCP, RTSP, and World Wide Web.

This book introduces a new approach to designing E-Librarian Services. With the help of this system, users will be able to retrieve multimedia resources from digital libraries more efficiently than they would by browsing through an index or by using a simple keyword search. E-Librarian Services combine recent advances in multimedia information retrieval with aspects of human-machine interfaces, such as the ability to ask questions in natural language; they simulate a human librarian by finding and delivering the most relevant documents that offer users potential answers to their queries. The premise is that more pertinent results can be retrieved if the search engine understands the meaning of the query; the returned results are therefore logical consequences of an inference rather than of keyword matches. Moreover, E-Librarian Services always provide users with a solution, even in situations where they are unable to offer a comprehensive answer.

Dieses Handbuch bietet für alle Nutzer und Entwickler des World Wide Web einen fundierten Einblick in dessen Aufbau und Funktionsweise. Die Autoren stellen die Internet-Technologie ausführlich dar und geben einen umfassenden Überblick über die relevanten Teilbereiche des WWW. Neben den allgemeinen theoretischen und praktischen Grundlagen der Netzwerktechnik und einer Darstellung der TCP/IP-Protokolle werden auch die vielfältigen Medientypen und deren Kodierung im WWW erläutert. Darauf aufbauend wird auf spezielle Web-Technologien im WWW wie HTTP, HTML, CSS, XML/XSL aber auch Skriptsprachen und CGI-Programmierung eingegangen. Dabei werden die allgemeinverständlich angelegten Kapitel punktuell durch relevante Schwerpunktthemen technischer Natur ergänzt und vertieft. Zahlreiche Abbildungen sowie Index und Glossar zu jedem Kapitel erhöhen den praktischen Nutzen des Handbuchs.

Das Internet ist zu einem festen Bestandteil unseres täglichen Lebens geworden. Auf welchen technologischen Grundlagen das weltumspannende Internet arbeitet, verdeutlicht das Buch "Internetworking". In sieben Kapiteln werden dem Leser ausgehend von den physikalischen Grundlagen der Datenübertragung die Funktionsprinzipien und Technologien der lokalen Netzwerke (LANs) und der Weitverkehrsnetzwerke (WANs) veranschaulicht. Allgemein verständlich wird in den weiteren Kapiteln das dem Internet zugrunde liegende TCP/IP-Referenzmodell, sowie dessen Protokolle und zahlreichen Anwendungen vermittelt. Zusammengenommen stellt das Buch ein umfassendes Kompendium der Internet-Technologien dar, dessen praktischer Nutzen als Handbuch erhöht wird durch zahlreiche Abbildungen sowie Sachindex, Personenindex und Glossar zu jedem Kapitel.

This book introduces a new approach to designing E-Librarian Services. With the help of this system, users will be able to retrieve multimedia resources from digital libraries more efficiently than they would by browsing through an index or by using a simple keyword search. E-Librarian Services combine recent advances in multimedia information retrieval with aspects of human-machine interfaces, such as the ability to ask questions in natural language; they simulate a human librarian by finding and delivering the most relevant documents that offer users potential answers to their queries. The premise is that more pertinent results can be retrieved if the search engine understands the meaning of the query; the returned results are therefore logical consequences of an inference rather than of keyword matches. Moreover, E-Librarian Services always provide users with a solution, even in situations where they are unable to offer a comprehensive answer.

Internet und WWW basieren auf dem Vermögen dank modernster Netzwerktechnologien Informationen und Medien jedweder Art in digitalisierter Form über digitale Nachrichtenkanäle zu transportieren und zu verbreiten. Die Autoren erläutern Grundlagen und geschichtliche Hintergründe der digitalen Kommunikation und geben einen Überblick über Methoden und Verfahren der Kodierung von Text-, Audio-, Grafik- und Videoinformation, die im Internet zur Anwendung kommen. In verständlich angelegten Kapiteln werden weiterhin die Grundlagen der Rechnervernetzung und der Sicherheit in Rechnernetzen vermittelt. Damit bietet das Buch einen fundierten Einstieg in die Kommunikationstechniken der Computernetzwerke, des Internets und des WWW. Zahlreiche Abbildungen sowie Sachindex, Personenindex und Glossar zu jedem Kapitel erhöhen den praktischen Nutzen dieses Handbuchs.

One of the main problems in chip design is the huge number of possible combinations of individual chip elements, leading to a combinatorial explosion as chips become more complex. New key results in theoretical computer science and in the design of data structures and efficient algorithms, can be applied fruitfully here. The application of ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDDs) has led to dramatic performance improvements in many computer-aided design projects. This textbook provides an introduction to the foundations of this interdisciplinary research area with an emphasis on applications in computer-aided circuit design and formal verification.