Christopher Parsons

This 1986 bibliography provides a source for reviews of the state-sponsored Parisian exhibitions of painting and sculpture (salons) held during the Second Empire, 1852–70. It includes an extensive list of references each presented in a standard format, with titles, dates and ordering codes based on the holdings of the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. It is indexed by authors and by periodicals. The catalogued essays and articles are of fundamental importance in establishing a picture of contemporary reactions to art in mid-eighteenth-century France. Tourneux's standard work Salons et expositions d'art à Paris 1801–70 has long been out of print. By incorporating and correcting the relevant material from Tourneux, and adding many new references from unpublished and newspaper sources, the compilers have achieved a substantial increase in the amount and range of criticism available for analysis by cultural and literary historians.

The firm's capital structure - how it funds operations by raising capital from a variety of sources - has attracted considerable attention from both academics and practitioners. The empirical capital structure literature explores both the cross-sectional determinants of capital structure as well as time-series changes. Empirical Capital Structure reviews both aspects of this literature. The book is organized around a simple framework that contains three key ingredients: the costs and benefits that determine a firm's capital structure; the existence of shocks that cause firms to deviate, at least temporarily, from their targets; the presence of factors that may prevent firms from constantly maintaining debt ratios that match their targets. Empirical Capital Structure is organized as follows:Section II discusses specification and econometric issues that will be important for many of the tests considered. Section III reviews cross-sectional capital structure determinants. Section IV explores factors that pull firms away from their leverage targets. Section V discusses reasons why firms might not immediately reverse the effect of these leverage shocks, apparently allowing deviations from their targets to persist for extended periods of time. Section VI explores a group of studies that look at how leverage feeds back into a firm's real business decisions. Section VII concludes and provides suggestions for new research.