David Hayes

This book critically analyses early school foreign language teaching policy and practice, foregrounding the influence of the socioeducational and cultural context on how policies are implemented and assessing the factors which either promote or constrain their effectiveness. It focuses on four Asian contexts – Malaysia, South Korea, Sri Lanka and Thailand – while providing a discussion of policy and practice in Canada and Finland as a comparison. Concentrating on the state school sector, it criticises the worldwide trend for a focus on English as the principal or only foreign language taught in primary schools, founded on a rationale that widespread proficiency in English is important for future national success in a globalised economy. It maintains that the economic rationale is not only largely unfounded and irrelevant to the language learning experiences of young children but also that the focus on English exacerbates system inequalities rather than contributing to their reduction. The book argues for a broader perspective on language learning in primary schools, one that values multilingualism and knowledge of regional and indigenous languages alongside a more diverse range of foreign languages. This book will appeal to educational policymakers, researchers and students interested in early foreign language learning in state educational systems worldwide.

This book critically analyses early school foreign language teaching policy and practice, foregrounding the influence of the socioeducational and cultural context on how policies are implemented and assessing the factors which either promote or constrain their effectiveness. It focuses on four Asian contexts – Malaysia, South Korea, Sri Lanka and Thailand – while providing a discussion of policy and practice in Canada and Finland as a comparison. Concentrating on the state school sector, it criticises the worldwide trend for a focus on English as the principal or only foreign language taught in primary schools, founded on a rationale that widespread proficiency in English is important for future national success in a globalised economy. It maintains that the economic rationale is not only largely unfounded and irrelevant to the language learning experiences of young children but also that the focus on English exacerbates system inequalities rather than contributing to their reduction. The book argues for a broader perspective on language learning in primary schools, one that values multilingualism and knowledge of regional and indigenous languages alongside a more diverse range of foreign languages. This book will appeal to educational policymakers, researchers and students interested in early foreign language learning in state educational systems worldwide.

The Pennine hills of northern England offer some of the country’s finest – and most diverse – landscapes. They have long been a magnet for the nation’s railway photographers, offering stunning vistas and dramatic backdrops to the elegance and power of a locomotive working its way through the scene. They offer the photographer the chance to capture something more than just a train. In this book, David Hayes offers a selection of stunning photographs captured in this special environment. Featured are the attractive limestone dales of Derbyshire, the windswept moorlands of the Settle & Carlisle, and the changing of the seasons as the full majesty and variety of this region comes to the fore.

This monograph considers the correlation between the relative success of retributive penal policies in English-speaking liberal democracies since the 1970s, and the practical evidence of increasingly excessive reliance on the penal State in those jurisdictions. It sets out three key arguments. First, that increasingly excessive conditions in England and Wales over the last three decades represent a failure of retributive theory. Second, that the penal minimalist cause cannot do without retributive proportionality, at least in comparison to the limiting principles espoused by rehabilitation, restorative justice and penal abolitionism. Third, that another retributivism is therefore necessary if we are to confront penal excess. The monograph offers a sketch of this new approach, ‘late retributivism’, as both a theory of punishment and of minimalist political action, within a democratic society. Centrally, criminal punishment is approached as both a political act and a policy choice. Consequently, penal theorists must take account of contemporary political contexts in designing and advocating for their theories. Although this inquiry focuses primarily on England and Wales, its models of retributivism and of academic contribution to democratic penal policy-making are relevant to other jurisdictions, too.

This monograph considers the correlation between the relative success of retributive penal policies in English-speaking liberal democracies since the 1970s, and the practical evidence of increasingly excessive reliance on the penal State in those jurisdictions. It sets out three key arguments. First, that increasingly excessive conditions in England and Wales over the last three decades represent a failure of retributive theory. Second, that the penal minimalist cause cannot do without retributive proportionality, at least in comparison to the limiting principles espoused by rehabilitation, restorative justice and penal abolitionism. Third, that another retributivism is therefore necessary if we are to confront penal excess. The monograph offers a sketch of this new approach, ‘late retributivism’, as both a theory of punishment and of minimalist political action, within a democratic society. Centrally, criminal punishment is approached as both a political act and a policy choice. Consequently, penal theorists must take account of contemporary political contexts in designing and advocating for their theories. Although this inquiry focuses primarily on England and Wales, its models of retributivism and of academic contribution to democratic penal policy-making are relevant to other jurisdictions, too.

A nostalgic overview of the rail scene in the 1970s. The photographs in this book try to capture a flavour of the railways during this fascinating transition period.

Are ghost stories and tales of haunted houses your thing? These stories are here to entertain you at many different levels. They are creepy, but they also put you right there in the middle of the action and the emotions of the events. They not only set out to entertain and be downright spooky, but they also highlight the emotional side of these occurrences. A few of my stories definitely tug at the heartstrings. Aberration is such a good word. The dictionary definition says it is 'a departure from what is normal, usual, or expected, typically an unwelcome one'. Most of my stories contain such things. These tales are fictional, and for entertainment purposes only (as all the paranormal TV programmes state), but that doesn't mean that they COULDN'T happen, does it? Some are meant as cautionary tales against using the paranormal and occult as a plaything. This book is a follow-on from my previous book 'Mysteria - An anthology of spooky and mysterious tales'. It is meant to be enjoyed in a quiet room when you are all alone. A room where the light throws certain corners into darkness. It is in those corners that the demons and anomalies in my book dwell - there.....and in your nightmares.

His grandson is Henry and the poor boy can't seem to keep track of his shoes when he comes to visit Nana and Papa. Join him on his trek to recover them.

Prepare future hotel general managers to efficiently supervise and run a midsize full-service hotel. Hotel Operations Management provides an up-to-date and comprehensive examination of all aspects of hotel administration from the viewpoint of the hotel general manager. Detailed information addresses the operating departments of a full-service hotel: Human Resources; Controller; The Front Office; Housekeeping; Food and Beverage; Safety and Property Security; Sales and Marketing; Accounting; and Facility Engineering and Maintenance. In-depth discussions highlight the importance of human resources in the labor-intensive hotel industry, franchising and contract management of properties in an ever-decreasing “Mom and Pop” segment, and hotel management in a global environment. Updated throughout to ensure that readers have the latest information, the Third Edition also includes new case studies, an entirely new chapter on guest services, and new end-of-chapter questions. This accurate book will give prospective hotel managers insight into all of the procedures effective managers use to ensure their hotel¿’s—and their own—success.

"Murder " she whispered. "Do you think he knows we saw him?" Four separate vacations intersect as four young strangers meet on a ferry to a northern island wilderness. The fun couple they meet over a friendly card games seems more and more mysterious as the week wears on. Days later, as each family looks to head back home, the six of them collide as not one but two horrific events suddenly and permanently alters the course of every one of their lives. They are afraid, but determined to find the truth...someday. Meanwhile, one of them seeks answers. One of them builds up his body and his courage. One of determines to forget. One of them struggles to remember. Eventually, all will remember clearly how, in the middle of Lake Superior, a voice admonished them to meet..."10 years from tonight."

The Professional Restaurant Manager covers the topics all restaurant managers must know to be successful in the industry. Organized in a quick-read, four-part format, the book offers a fresh look at the restaurant business, back-of-house management, front-of-house management, and financial management. Discussion prompts are built right in so students can respond to real case studies and illustrations. Financial documents reference the newest version of the Uniform System of Accounts for Restaurants. An extensive glossary is provided and authors review important trends in sustainability, green practices and farm-to-fork movements.

Focusing on back-of-house management, Professional Kitchen Management addresses topics such as supervision, menu planning, development and use of standard recipes, purchasing, and cost control. Students will learn how to evaluate menus, manage inventory, train personnel and deliver food services on a budget. An innovative format pairs concepts presented in each chapter with cleverly animated and highly interactive Kitchen Management Simulations (KMS) lessons to provide hands-on training that is fun for students and time freeing for instructors. Reader-friendly features explain why concepts are important to daily operations and identify the skills needed to manage a high-quantity food production kitchen.

For courses in Restaurant Management, Quality Food Production Management, Foodservice Management, and some introductory courses in the Hospitality Industry. Designed to be the ‘best’ book for restaurant management, this text addresses content areas that are integral to a restaurant manager’s job, providing current and practical information. It breaks down the busy and complex world of restaurant management into what the manager must know, from the restaurant’s inception to its actual operation. It focuses on financial, labor, and product resources, within the context of pleasing the guests. Current, practical, and accurate, Restaurant Operations Management is an easy and interesting read for students, practicing industry professionals, and others wanting to learn effective restaurant management.