Dayanand Shukla

Die Karnalf ule, verursacht durch Tilletia indica Mitra (Neovossia indica Mitra (Mundkur)), wurde erstmals im April 1930 von der Botanischen Forschungsstation in Karnal (Haryana) an den Weizensorten Foundation und Punjab A festgestellt. Die Krankheit war auf dem Subkontinent seit langem verbreitet und infizierte einheimische Weizensorten, die im Nordwesten Indiens angebaut wurden, verursachte jedoch nie ernsthafte Ertragseinbu en. Mit der Einf hrung mexikanischer Zwergweizensorten in Indien und Pakistan Anfang der 1970er Jahre trat die Krankheit jedoch in gro em Umfang auf. Bis 1974-75 blieb die Krankheit auf Jammu und Kaschmir, Punjab und die Tarai-Region von Uttar Pradesh beschr nkt. An einigen Orten trat sie in verschiedenen Jahren in epidemischer Form auf. In Ermangelung strenger Quarant nevorschriften im Inland breitete sie sich auf neue Gebiete im nordwestlichen Weizeng rtel aus. Madhya Pradesh, das s dliche Rajasthan, Maharashtra und die indische Halbinsel sind jedoch aufgrund der hohen Temperaturen frei von der Karnal-Krankheit. Sie wird auch aus Nepal, Iran, Mexiko, den Vereinigten Staaten, S dafrika, Brasilien, Afghanistan, Syrien, der T rkei, dem Libanon, Schweden, Polen und Italien gemeldet.

Karnal bunt causado por Tilletia indica Mitra (Neovossia indica Mitra (Mundkur) foi registado pela primeira vez em Abril de 1930 da Esta o de Pesquisa Bot nica, Karnal (Haryana) sobre a cultivar de trigo, funda o e Punjab A. A doen a foi predominante no sub-continente desde h muito tempo, infectando o trigo nativo cultivado no Noroeste da ndia, mas nunca causou uma s ria redu o da produ o. Contudo, a doen a apareceu em propor es graves no in cio dos anos 70 com a introdu o de variedades an s de trigo mexicano na ndia e no Paquist o. At 1974-75, a doen a permaneceu restrita ao Jammu e Caxemira, Punjab e regi o de Tarai no Uttar Pradesh. Em alguns lugares, apareceu sob a forma de epidemia em anos diferentes. Na aus ncia de regulamenta o de quarentena dom stica rigorosa, a doen a propagou-se a novas reas na regi o noroeste do Cintur o de Trigo. No entanto, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan do sul, Maharashtra e a ndia Peninsular est o livres de Karnal bunt devido s altas temperaturas. Tamb m relatado do Nepal, Ir o, M xico, Estados Unidos, frica do Sul, Brasil, Afeganist o, S ria, Turquia, L bano, Su cia, Pol nia, It lia.

Il Karnal bunt, causato da Tilletia indica Mitra (Neovossia indica Mitra (Mundkur)), stato registrato per la prima volta nell'aprile del 1930 presso la Botanical Research Station di Karnal (Haryana) su cultivar di frumento, foundation e Punjab A. La malattia stata a lungo diffusa nel subcontinente, infettando i frumenti autoctoni coltivati nell'India nord-occidentale, ma non ha mai causato una grave riduzione della resa. Tuttavia, la malattia comparsa in proporzioni serie all'inizio degli anni '70 con l'introduzione di variet di grano messicane nane in India e Pakistan. Fino al 1974-75 la malattia rimasta circoscritta al Jammu e Kashmir, al Punjab e alla regione del Tarai dell'Uttar Pradesh. In alcune localit comparsa in forma epidemica in anni diversi. In assenza di rigide norme di quarantena domestica, si diffusa in nuove aree nella fascia del grano nord-occidentale. Tuttavia, il Madhya Pradesh, il Rajasthan meridionale, il Maharashtra e l'India peninsulare sono esenti dal Karnal bunt a causa delle alte temperature. stata segnalata anche in Nepal, Iran, Messico, Stati Uniti, Sudafrica, Brasile, Afghanistan, Siria, Turchia, Libano, Svezia, Polonia e Italia.

La carie de Karnal caus e par Tilletia indica Mitra (Neovossia indica Mitra (Mundkur) a t enregistr e pour la premi re fois en avril 1930 la station de recherche botanique de Karnal (Haryana) sur le cultivar de bl Foundation et Punjab A. La maladie tait r pandue sur le sous-continent depuis longtemps, infectant les bl s indig nes cultiv s dans le nord-ouest de l'Inde, mais elle n'a jamais caus de s rieuses r ductions de rendement. Cependant, la maladie est apparue dans des proportions s rieuses au d but des ann es 1970 avec l'introduction de vari t s naines de bl mexicain en Inde et au Pakistan. Jusqu'en 1974-75, la maladie est rest e limit e au Jammu et Cachemire, au Punjab et la r gion du Tarai de l'Uttar Pradesh. Dans certains endroits, elle est apparue sous forme pid mique au cours de diff rentes ann es. En l'absence d'une r glementation stricte de quarantaine domestique, elle s'est propag e de nouvelles zones dans la ceinture de bl du nord-ouest. Cependant, le Madhya Pradesh, le sud du Rajasthan, le Maharashtra et l'Inde p ninsulaire sont exempts de carie de Karnal en raison des temp ratures lev es. Elle est galement signal e au N pal, Iran, Mexique, Etats-Unis, Afrique du Sud, Br sil, Afghanistan, Syrie, Turquie, Liban, Su de, Pologne, Italie.

The investigation entitled "Biological Management of Nursery Diseases (Root rot and wilt) of Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa)" was conducted in the Narendra University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad during 2012-2013. At nursery stage about 35-40% seedlings of Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa) were died due to root rot and wilt. The disease is highly prevalent during rainy season under warm and high humidity as well as low sunshine hours (4-6 hrs/day) that further aggravated the situationThe fungus isolated from infected seedlings, showed typical characters of Fusarium solani. The identity of the fungus was confirmed by the Indian Type Culture Collection (I. D. No. 8077.11), IARI, New Delhi. The efficacy of three Trichoderma species viz., T. harzianum, T. virens, T. viride against F. solani were tested by dual culture technique, T. virens and T. viride grew very fast before touching the colony of the F. solani.

The present investigation entitled "Study of perception of climate awareness constraints and impact of weather forecast in Bahraich district (U. P.)" was done through Benchmark survey and weather based Agroadvisory at selected- Banpurwa, District- Bahraich (UP) during year 2011-2012 to identify the production constraints; to assess the perception of farmers about climate change; Vulnerability assessment of major food crops grown in the area and Impact assessment of weather based agromet advisories. Results reveal that Fragmentation of lands, low seed replacement rate, Irregular supply of water in canal, Sandy loam texture of the soil and technical knowhow, moisture stress at terminal growth stages and low risk bearing capacity were identified as the major production constraints. Soil nutrients status decreased due to climate change. Sowing of the crops delayed in the recent last five years due to climate change variability. By follow up the weather based advisory for timely sowing of wheat crop (Nov.15) provides the profit of Rs 8400/ha. Risk of four days in the adoption of the agromet advisory for fungicide and spraying costs lossed 8.5q/ha yield which is equivalent to Rs 10,200/ha