Emily Forster

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. It is free to read at on Oxford Academic and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. The population of England grew steeply in the Middle Ages, especially between the tenth and thirteenth centuries. This volume investigates how medieval farmers managed to produce the large harvests needed to sustain this growth, growth that in turn fuelled a major expansion of towns and markets. New evidence is presented for the development of the medieval farming regimes that shaped the English landscape in ways still visible today. Medieval farming is a contentious topic, not least because of the different approaches taken by historians, archaeologists and geographers and no consensus has been reached about the cultivation regimes that underpinned medieval cereal production. This volume presents a new perspective on this question, based on the results of a project that analysed the remains of medieval crops, arable weeds, livestock and pollen from hundreds of excavations. The new evidence that this generated reveals the conditions in which medieval crops were grown and how land use changed between the late Roman period and the Black Death. The authors relate the results to archaeological and written evidence for farms and farming, bringing an ecological perspective to the debate about the so-called medieval 'agricultural revolution'. The 'cerealisation' of England emerges as a regionally varied process lasting several centuries, whose overall impact was nevertheless revolutionary.

As paramedicine shifts to an all-graduate profession in the UK, this new title is designed specifically to support students to meet the rigorous academic requirements of becoming a paramedic. Study skills has a direct and forthright approach, and covers everything students need to succeed in academia, from academic writing to referencing, essays and presentations, exams and reflective practice. Its interesting case studies are ideally suited to students of this hands-on profession. Written by paramedics for paramedics, this book will help students of all academic levels quickly find their feet and excel on their journey toward working in an ambulance or healthcare setting. Written by experienced paramedicine lecturers and tailored to the academic requirements of students Conforms to Universal Design for Learning, making the text accessible for everyone Written simply and without waffle, ideal for practically-minded students Healthcare examples throughout put learning into context