Evan Hurwitz

Person recognition using thermal imaging, multi-biometric traits, with groups of feature filters and classifiers, is the subject of this paper. These were used to tackle the problems of biometric systems, such as a change in illumination and spoof attacks. Using a combination of, hard and softbiometric, attributes in thermal facial images. The hard-biometric trait, of the shape of a head, was combined with soft-biometric traits such as the face wearing glasses, face wearing a cap/headgear, face with facial hairs, plain face, female face, and male face. These were experimented with, using images from Carl's database and Terravic Facial Infrared Database, and used to train clusters of neural network algorithms for each biometric trait. These comprised Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM), Deep Belief Networks (DBN), and Feed Forward Neural Networks (FFNN). After feature extraction, using Fast Wavelet Transform (FWT), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). A classification error of 0.02887, 0.038695, 0.02381, 0.024629, 0.0268, 0.02369 and 0.03 was achieved for each biometric trait, respectively. Showing that they had each been learned, and could be used through a fusion method, to improve recognition. This was demonstrated using a test image, as the user, having four of the character traits (countenance, glasses, facial hair, and gender). Then attempting to recognize each trait, one after the other, using a cross-verification method. The algorithm was seen to return test values, close to those received during the training test, for each biometric trait.

This book theoretically and practically updates major economic ideas such as demand and supply, rational choice and expectations, bounded rationality, behavioral economics, information asymmetry, pricing, efficient market hypothesis, game theory, mechanism design, portfolio theory, causality and financial engineering in the age of significant advances in man-machine systems. The advent of artificial intelligence has changed many disciplines such as engineering, social science and economics. Artificial intelligence is a computational technique which is inspired by natural intelligence concepts such as the swarming of birds, the working of the brain and the pathfinding of the ants. Artificial Intelligence and Economic Theory: Skynet in the Market analyses the impact of artificial intelligence on economic theories, a subject that has not been studied. It also introduces new economic theories and these are rational counterfactuals and rational opportunity costs. These ideas are applied to diverse areas such as modelling of the stock market, credit scoring, HIV and interstate conflict. Artificial intelligence ideas used in this book include neural networks, particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. It, furthermore, explores ideas in causality including Granger as well as the Pearl causality models.

This book theoretically and practically updates major economic ideas such as demand and supply, rational choice and expectations, bounded rationality, behavioral economics, information asymmetry, pricing, efficient market hypothesis, game theory, mechanism design, portfolio theory, causality and financial engineering in the age of significant advances in man-machine systems. The advent of artificial intelligence has changed many disciplines such as engineering, social science and economics. Artificial intelligence is a computational technique which is inspired by natural intelligence concepts such as the swarming of birds, the working of the brain and the pathfinding of the ants. Artificial Intelligence and Economic Theory: Skynet in the Market analyses the impact of artificial intelligence on economic theories, a subject that has not been studied. It also introduces new economic theories and these are rational counterfactuals and rational opportunity costs. These ideas are applied to diverse areas such as modelling of the stock market, credit scoring, HIV and interstate conflict. Artificial intelligence ideas used in this book include neural networks, particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. It, furthermore, explores ideas in causality including Granger as well as the Pearl causality models.