Fan Li

This book explores the dynamic landscape of language in Macau, focusing on how multilingualism shapes and is shaped by the city's educational, social, and economic transformations. Drawing on research, case studies, and lived experiences, the authors examine the interplay between language policy, classroom practice, and community life in one of Asia's most linguistically diverse urban centers. The volume offers insights into the challenges and opportunities of multilingual education, the impact of recent global events, and the evolving roles of Cantonese, Mandarin, Portuguese, and English in Macau's development. Bridging theory and practice, the book provides educators, policymakers, and researchers with a nuanced understanding of applied linguistics in action within a rapidly changing society.

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has recently attracted considerable attention from both research and industrial communities. Numerous papers have been published regarding solving the resource- allocation problems in NFV, from various perspectives, considering different constraints, and adopting a range of techniques. However, it is difficult to get a clear impression of how to understand and classify different kinds of resource allocation problems in NFV and how to design solutions to solve these problems efficiently. This book addresses these concerns by offering a comprehensive overview and explanation of different resource allocation problems in NFV and presenting efficient solutions to solve them. It covers resource allocation problems in NFV, including an introduction to NFV and QoS parameters modelling as well as related problem definition, formulation and the respective state-of-the-art algorithms. This book allows readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of and deep insights into the resource allocation problems in NFV. It does so by exploring (1) the working principle and architecture of NFV, (2) how to model the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters in NFV services, (3) definition, formulation and analysis of different kinds of resource allocation problems in various NFV scenarios, (4) solutions for solving the resource allocation problem in NFV, and (5) possible future work in the respective area.

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has recently attracted considerable attention from both research and industrial communities. Numerous papers have been published regarding solving the resource- allocation problems in NFV, from various perspectives, considering different constraints, and adopting a range of techniques. However, it is difficult to get a clear impression of how to understand and classify different kinds of resource allocation problems in NFV and how to design solutions to solve these problems efficiently. This book addresses these concerns by offering a comprehensive overview and explanation of different resource allocation problems in NFV and presenting efficient solutions to solve them. It covers resource allocation problems in NFV, including an introduction to NFV and QoS parameters modelling as well as related problem definition, formulation and the respective state-of-the-art algorithms. This book allows readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of and deep insights into the resource allocation problems in NFV. It does so by exploring (1) the working principle and architecture of NFV, (2) how to model the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters in NFV services, (3) definition, formulation and analysis of different kinds of resource allocation problems in various NFV scenarios, (4) solutions for solving the resource allocation problem in NFV, and (5) possible future work in the respective area.

Language proficiency of English major graduate students in China is generally considered higher than that of English major undergraduate students. The fact, however, is a different story. The phenomenon that a gradual declination of the language proficiency of the L2 will take place, once L2 learners stop or reduce language learning, is known as language attrition. This study investigated the lexical attrition of English major graduate students in four Chinese universities. Vocabulary learning strategies from the perspective of an implicit curriculum are then put forward.