Ferdinand Muller-Rommel

This book examines the changes in the career experiences and profiles of 350 European prime ministers in 26 European democracies from 1945 to 2020. It builds on a theoretical framework, which claims that the decline of party government along with the increase of populism, technocracy, and the presidentialization of politics have influenced the careers of prime ministers over the past 70 years. The findings show that prime ministers’ career experiences became less political and more technical. Moreover, their career profiles shifted from a traditional type of ‘party-agent’ to a new type of ‘party-principal’. These changes affected the recruitment of executive elites and their political representation in European democracies, albeit with different intensity and speed.

This book examines the changes in the career experiences and profiles of 350 European prime ministers in 26 European democracies from 1945 to 2020. It builds on a theoretical framework, which claims that the decline of party government along with the increase of populism, technocracy, and the presidentialization of politics have influenced the careers of prime ministers over the past 70 years. The findings show that prime ministers’ career experiences became less political and more technical. Moreover, their career profiles shifted from a traditional type of ‘party-agent’ to a new type of ‘party-principal’. These changes affected the recruitment of executive elites and their political representation in European democracies, albeit with different intensity and speed.

By the late 1990s Green parties had entered national governments in five Western European countries - Finland, Italy, Germany, France and Belgium. This book aims to provide an understanding of the differences and similarities of Green parties in coalition governments.

By the late 1990s Green parties had entered national governments in five Western European countries - Finland, Italy, Germany, France and Belgium. This book aims to provide an understanding of the differences and similarities of Green parties in coalition governments.

A presentation of the structure and workings of the national cabinets in Western European countries today, based on a common framework which enables the reader to compare their origins, structure, composition and activities. Emphasis is placed on the leadership and on the character of coalitions.

KAPITEL Innerparteiliche Gruppierungen als Untersuchungsgeg- stand der Parteienforschung . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1 - 1 Bestandsaufnahme der vergleichenden Faktional- musforschung . . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10 1. 1. 1 Zur Begriffsbestimmung 1 . 1 . 2 Entstehungsbedingungen 16 1. 1. 2. 1 Organisationsstruktur der Parteien . . . . 16 20 1. 1. 2. 2 Parteiensystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1. 1. 2. 3 Wahlsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 1. 3 Organisationsformen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 26 1. 1. 3. 1 Klientelistische Gruppierungen . . . . . . . . 1. 1. 3. 2 Informelle Gruppierungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 32 1. 1. 3. 3 Formal-institutionalisierte Gruppen . . . 1. 1. 4 Funktionen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 1. 1. 4. 1 Funktion fUr Parteimitglieder . . . . . . . . . 36 Funktion fUr die Parteiorganisation . . . 1. 1. 4. 2 37 38 1. 1. 4. 3 Funktion fUr das Parteiensystem . . . . . . . 1. 2 Bezugsrahmen der Untersuchung . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . 41 1. 2. 1 Moglichkeiten der Typologisierung von innerp- teilichen Gruppierungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 1. 2. 1. 1 Art und politische Richtung der Grupp- ziele . . . . -. -. . . -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 1. 2. 1. 2 Organisationsmerkmale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1. 2. 1. 3 Handlungsfelder . . . . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . 46 1. 2. 2 Faktionalismus in der SPD . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1. 2. 3 Eingrenzung des Untersuchungsgegenstandes und Fragestellungen . . . -. -. . . . . -. . . . . . --. . . . . . -. . . . . 53 1 . 2. 4 Quellen- und Materiallage . . . . . -. . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . 57 1 . 2. 4. 1 Datensammlung. . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 1. 2. 4. 2 Datenerhebung. - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 1. 2. 5 Theoretischer Anspruch der Untersuchung . . . . . . . . 62 1. 2. 5. 1 Beitrag zur historisch-politologischen Analyse der SPD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 1. 2. 5. 2 Beitrag zur empirischen Parteienforschung 64 Parlamentarismusforschung . 66 1. 2. 5.