H. Wagner

Die 5. "Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft fur Okologie" enthalten die Vortrage der vom 22. bis 24. September 197 5 in Wien durchgefuhrten J ahrestagung. Schwer- punktsmassig behandeln die Referate alpine und arktische Okosysteme, die okologi- schen und genetischen Voraussetzungen fur das Leben in Trockengebieten sowie limnische Okosysteme. Durch die Berucksichtigung der diese Systeme tangierenden IBP- und MAB-Forschungsprogramme liefern sie zugleich auch aktuelle Informa- tionen uber laufende Forschungsprojekte unserer Osterreichischen und schweizer Kollegen. Struktudle und energetische Untersuchungen uber einzelne Okosysteme, Biozo- nosen und Populationen stehen dabei im Vordergrund. Die vorgelegten Arbeiten verdeutlichen, dass jedes lebendige System uber die Kenntnis seiner Struktur, Funk- tion und Geschichte Informationen zu einem tieferen Verstandnis des von ihm belebten Raumes liefert. Sie zeigen, dass letztlich jeder Suche nach "Belastungsindi- katoren" und "okologischen Kriterien" die Frage nach dem Informationsgehalt von Organismen und lebenden Systemen sowie deren Reaktionen auf endo- und exogene Faktoren zugrunde liegt. Sowohl aus Veranderungen der Areal- und Okosysteme, als auch aus Wandlungen von Biozonosen und deren Reaktionen wurden Ruckschlusse auf die diese Veranderungen auslosenden Faktoren gezogen. Populationen und Bio- zonosen reagieren naturgemass nach eigenen Regeln, konnen jedoch nur existieren, wenn sie bestandig auch Informationen uber andere Komponenten aus ihrem Ver- breitungsgebiet speichern und verarbeiten. Diese adaptiven Fahigkeiten der unter- suchten Arten und Systeme sind jedoch noch weitgehend unbearbeitet. Hier klafft eine echte Lucke, die den Transfer okologischer Daten z. B. in di. c Landesplanung erschwert. Die Qualitat jeder Planung hangt weitgehend von den eingesetzten okologischen, sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Erhebungsdaten ab.

The verrucarins and roridins are secondary metabolites of the soil fungi Myrothecium verrucaria (Albertini et Schweinitz) Ditmar ex Fries and Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fries. The species Myrothecium belongs to the fungi imperfecti, order of Moniliales, family Tubercularia- ceae (30, 17, 32). The distinction between these and other closely related fungal species is difficult. It has been studied and discussed by various authors (82, 16, 55, 75, 62, 43). Myrothecium species are parasitic on leaves of Gardenia, tomatoes, violets, kidney beans, snapdragons and other common plants. They are also found on decaying tissue and in soil. It was known earlier that cultures of the two species mentioned exhibit cellulolytic properties due to the presence of a very active cellulase which was used for the treatment of cellulose during the production of textiles [for leading references see (42, 66)]. The first investigation of the secondary metabolites of these micro- organisms was carried out by BRIAN and MCGOWAN (16). They isolated a crystalline compound, designated as glutinosin and assigned the formula C4sH60016, from cultures of Metarrhizium glutinosum S. Pope, which in fact is a Myrothecium species (82, 55). Glutinosin exhibited anti- fungal activity. Eight years later BOWDEN and SCHANTZ (14) described the isolation and characterization of a dermatitic or skinirritating crystal- line compound melting at 38 , and possessing the formula C H 04, 1s 22 from culture filtrates of Myrothecium verrucaria. They suspected the presence of additional biologically active substances.

The ASI Quarks, Leptons and Beyond, held in Munich from the 5th to the 16th of September 1983 was dedicated to the study of what we now believe are the fundamental building blocks of nature: quarks and leptons. The subject was approached on two levels. On the one hand, a thorough discussion was given of the status of our knowledge of quarks and leptons and their interactions, both from an experi­ mental and a theoretical standpoint. On the other hand, open problems presented by the so called standard model of quark and lepton interact­ ions were explored along various ways that lead one beyond this frame­ work. One of the principal predictions of the standard model is that weak interactions are mediated by heavy Wand Z vector bosons. These particles were discovered in 1983 at CERN and their relevant proper­ ties were discussed at the ASI by C. Rubbia. Further theoretical predictions concerning these Z and W bosons, yet to be checked by future experimentation, were discussed by G. Altarelli with a view of seeing where the standard model might fail and new physics ensue. The strong interactions of quarks, based on Quantum Chromodynamics (QeD), are presumed to cause the quarks to bind into hadrons. Pro­ gress in attempts to calculate the observed hadronic spectrum, ab initio, starting from QCD and employing lattice methods were reviewed at the ASI by P. Hasenfratz.

chromatographischen Drogenanalyse und die Auswertung der Dunnschichtchromatogramme erleichtert wird."

The ASI Quarks, Leptons and Beyond, held in Munich from the 5th to the 16th of September 1983 was dedicated to the study of what we now believe are the fundamental building blocks of nature: quarks and leptons. The subject was approached on two levels. On the one hand, a thorough discussion was given of the status of our knowledge of quarks and leptons and their interactions, both from an experi­ mental and a theoretical standpoint. On the other hand, open problems presented by the so called standard model of quark and lepton interact­ ions were explored along various ways that lead one beyond this frame­ work. One of the principal predictions of the standard model is that weak interactions are mediated by heavy Wand Z vector bosons. These particles were discovered in 1983 at CERN and their relevant proper­ ties were discussed at the ASI by C. Rubbia. Further theoretical predictions concerning these Z and W bosons, yet to be checked by future experimentation, were discussed by G. Altarelli with a view of seeing where the standard model might fail and new physics ensue. The strong interactions of quarks, based on Quantum Chromodynamics (QeD), are presumed to cause the quarks to bind into hadrons. Pro­ gress in attempts to calculate the observed hadronic spectrum, ab initio, starting from QCD and employing lattice methods were reviewed at the ASI by P. Hasenfratz.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.