Haghi A. K.

The study of the effects of ultrasound waves on a chemical reaction is known as sonochemistry. Ultrasound radiation (between 20 kHz and 2 MHz) is used to drive chemical and physical processes in solution. When ultrasound waves pass through liquid, they generate tiny bubbles that expand and then collapse quickly. This process releases energy, which can speed up the chemical reactions. Sonochemistry is considered a sustainable technology because it often utilizes less energy, requires fewer toxic chemicals, and generates less waste compared to traditional chemical processes. Ultrasound waves are utilized in various processes including synthesis, crystallization, and purifications and find applications in various sectors like pharmaceuticals, material sciences, agriculture, food processing, and environment science. This book is focused on applications of sonochemistry. It begins by explaining the basics of the technology and moves on to describing applications in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering, and discussed applications currently being developed and future outlook.

As is well known, fossil fuels and food waste are significant contributors to the climate change crisis. Conversion of food waste to energy can help solving or mitigating these problems by providing a sustainable energy alternative to fossil fuels. This book provides an overview of technologies to convert food waste to energy. It explains the rationale behind this approach and describes different methods of turning food waste into energy, factors affecting the productivity of these processes, and the advantages and challenges of these technologies. Current research in the field and selected case studies are also described.

Solar energy is considered one of the most important forms of renewable energy. Silicon solar cells are commonly used in the photovoltaic industry, but their higher production costs and complicated fabrication processes make them less affordable. Various other technologies, such as perovskite solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells, are also emerging. Among these, perovskite solar cells are promising type of solar cells, offering comparable efficiency to that of silicon solar cells, at significantly lower costs. However, one of the drawbacks of perovskite solar cells is their relatively short lifespan, which limits their applications. Researchers are actively working to improve both the lifetime and efficiency of perovskite solar cells. This book begins by covering the basics of solar energy and the principles and different types of solar cells. The focus is then put on perovskite solar cells, how they work, their advantages and challenges, and what sets them apart from other solar cells. Device fabrication techniques and recent advancements in the field are discusses next, finishing up with a look into the future of solar cell technology.

The book covers applications of Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing in the fields of hydrology, water resource management, land use, rainfall variability, and groundwater mapping, to help professionals in the field identify change in patterns and guide them in making decisions that promote sustainable development.

Advanced methods for water consumption management can help save water and financial resources. This book introduces efficient methods and practical approaches for water consumption management through computational modeling to forecast water demand and optimization and through smart technology to help prevent or reduce water loss using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Internet of Things (IoT). The book will be a useful for researchers and graduate students focusing on research initiatives in the field of water resource management, and for researchers and practicing engineers in water utility companies.