Heather Grabbe

Green objectives have reshaped public policy worldwide since the signing in 2015 of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming. Climate policy has moved from being one policy among many to an objective embedded in public policies at every level, including energy, industrial, fiscal, trade, development and foreign policies. However, a clear outcome from this policy shift is yet to be seen, with emissions still rising and climate impacts intensifying. There is also backlash against greening in a charged geopolitical environment. Nevertheless, the chapters in this volume, written by a range of experts worldwide, show that in many countries and policy areas, green objectives are still driving fundamental changes and many lessons have been learned. The goals of reducing emissions and enhancing economic and societal resilience to climate change will persist as climate impacts become more evident, and as the green transition produces successes at city, regional and national levels. In this context, this Bruegel Blueprint offers a fresh intellectual framework for understanding how the green transition is shaping cross-sectoral impacts across the globe.

Published in association with the Anglo-German FoundationBritish and German support for eastward enlargement of the EU has been crucial in driving the process forward and giving it momentum; unless this commitment continues, and strengthens, the process could falter. Yet, not only have Britain and Germany had very different views on EU integration for many years, they also have differnt geopolitical interests and very different levels of economic involvement in central and eastern Europe. In this book, leading British and German experts present a new analysis of British and German interests in enlargement and assesses contemporary policy approaches. Based on economic analysis, policy documentation and interviews with key policy-makers, they consider the scope for Britain and Germany to work together on enlargement, as well as highlighting the areas that could drive them apart.

Ensuring stability and prosperity for post-Cold War Europe will depend heavily on successful eastward enlargement of the EU. But enlargement raises difficult issues for the EU and the applicant countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Is the EU capable of reforming its institutions and policies to cope with 25 or more members? Which Central and East Europeans will join, and when? How can it be ensured that enlargement will bring the economic and security benefits expected of it? This study examines in detail the political, economic and security implications of eastward enlargement for both East and West, presenting analyses of policy issues (such as the EU budget and pre-accession strategy) and of the economic integration likely before and after accession. Based on an extensive series of interviews with ministers, diplomats, policy-makers, academics and journalists throughout Europe, the book also provides an overview of expectations and attitudes towards enlargement within the EU and in the applicant countries.