Homeland Security

Recent improvised explosive device (IED) and active shooter incidents reveal that some traditional practices of first responders need to be realigned and enhanced to improve survivability of victims and the safety of first responders caring for them. This multi-disciplinary edition translates evidence-based response strategies based on military experience in responding to and managing casualties from IED and/or active shooter incidents and from its significant investment in combat casualty care research into the civilian first responder environment. Table of Contents: • Executive Summary • Purpose • General Information: • Improvised Explosive Device • Active Shooter • Take an Active Role in Your Own Safety: • Explosions • Active Shooter Incident • First Responder for Improving Survivability in Improvised Explosive Device and/or Active Shooter Incidents • Background: • Defining First Responders • Defining the Threat • Military Lessons Learned and Civilian Adaptation • Improvised Explosive Device Incidents • Active Shooter Incidents • Hemorrhage Control • Protective Equipment • Response and Incident Management • Responder Guidelines: • Hemorrhage Control • Protective Equipment • Response and Incident Management • Summary • Threat-based Scenarios: • Large-scale Terrorist/insurgency Attack • Medium-scale Terrorist/insurgency Attack • Medium-scale Terrorist/insurgency Attack • Small Scale Terrorist/insurgency Attack • Involuntary Suicide Bomber • Discovery/recovery of Homemade Explosives (Not an Attack) • Active Shooter With Access Denial to First Responders • Active Shooter in a Public Commercial Facility • Active Shooter in an Open, Outdoor, Unbounded Location • Active Shooter in a Public Sports Complex • Provide First Aid After Improvised Explosive Device and/or Active Shooter Incidents • Stop the Bleeding and Protect the Wound • First Aid for Specific Injuries • List of Major Bombing Incidents in the United States 2007-2017 • List of Major Mass Shootings in the United States 2007-2017

Helps your children prepare for a disaster in a fun way.

When an organization moves away from a generations-long tradition of being all-male toward a future that includes men and women equally, a significant change takes place. Change can be upsetting and threatening to those who are used to, and invested in, the way things "have always been." Fire may know no gender, but people do, and the fire chief of the 1990's spends more time managing people than controlling fire. Increasing numbers of women are becoming firefighters and fire officers, entering and advancing in a field that is still heavily male by both population and tradition. Fire service leaders who are not prepared to manage these workforce changes may find their workforce is managing them instead.

The National Protection Framework describes what the whole community should do to safeguard against acts of terrorism, natural disasters, and other threats or hazards. It describes the core capabilities; roles and responsibilities; and coordinating structures that facilitate the protection of individuals, communities, and the Nation. This Framework is focused on actions to protect against the greatest risks in a manner that allows American interests, aspirations, and way of life to thrive. The Federal Government works collaboratively with local, state, tribal, and territorial governments; the private sector; and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to develop and deliver Protection core capabilities. Protection core capabilities are applied in varying degrees to achieve successful implementation of the Protection mission area. The 11 core capabilities described in the National Protection Framework are Planning; Public Information and Warning; Operational Coordination; Access Control and Identity Verification; Cybersecurity; Intelligence and Information Sharing; Interdiction and Disruption; Physical Protective Measures; Risk Management for Protection Programs and Activities; Screening, Search and Detection; and Supply Chain Integrity and Security. The following principles guide the development and support the execution and deployment of Protection core capabilities. These guiding principles are resilience and scalability; risk-informed culture; and shared responsibility.

Our nation's postsecondary institutions are entrusted to provide a safe and healthy learning environment for students, faculty, and staff who live, work, and study on campus. Faced with emergencies ranging from active shooter situations to fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and pandemic influenza, this is no easy task. Many of these emergencies occur with little to no warning; therefore, it is critical for institutions of higher education (IHEs) to plan ahead to help ensure the safety and general welfare of all members of the campus community. IHEs face unique challenges in planning for potential emergencies in terms of geography, environment, governance, and the population served. Colleges and universities, including community colleges and technical colleges, are large, small, urban, rural, residential, transient, two-year, four-year, public, and private, and often operate around-the-clock. IHE campuses often span large geographic areas, and many have additional locations in other cities, states, or countries. Many IHEs operate complex enterprises in addition to their academic programs, including hospitals, research and development facilities, performing arts venues, athletic complexes, agricultural centers, residential complexes, and transportation systems. They frequently have open campuses that are integrated into the surrounding community, with visitors regularly on campus touring facilities, attending events, and receiving medical care. Many campuses house sensitive materials and information and sponsor activities and events that increase their vulnerability. It is common for major universities to employ people and establish facilities dedicated to research in areas such as nuclear energy, engineering, biochemistry, medicine, public safety, defense, technology, and intelligence. In addition, many universities house critical research. Major universities also serve as contractors to government agencies such as the Department of Defense, Department of Justice, National Institutes of Health, National Security Agency, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as well as to the nation's largest corporations, and thus house important information. Additionally, IHE governance is highly varied and often widely dispersed. Many institutions have decentralized organizational structures and academic departments with differing processes and decision-making responsibilities. In addition, the variance in purpose, structure, authority, and operations among campus police and security agencies makes one-size-fits-all programs and policies impractical. IHEs serve primarily adult students who are capable of making decisions on their own. The campus population is perpetually in flux, changing from day to day, semester to semester, and year to year. Some students commute to and from campus, others attend class virtually, while still others live in housing facilities located on or near the college campus, resulting in a dispersed population. IHEs also often host individuals from other nations. While these characteristics pose challenges, in collaboration with their local government and community partners, IHEs can take steps to plan for these potential emergencies through the creation of a higher education Emergency Operations Plan (higher ed EOP).