Ilkka Leinonen

This book features five peer-reviewed reviews on the environmental impact of poultry production. The first chapter briefly introduces life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and addresses the particular effects of egg production on four key impact categories: climate change, land use change, acidifying and eutrophying emissions and water footprint. The second chapter reviews the key role of LCA in identifying the sources of environmental impacts in poultry meat production, as well as potential mitigation strategies. The third chapter discusses key emissions resulting from layer production systems, including greenhouse gases, ammonia, particulate matter, odours and volatile organic compounds. It also considers practical solutions for emissions mitigation, from diet and genetics, to manure and litter management. The fourth chapter reviews the major types of waste generated in egg production facilities and discusses the various methods and technologies for treating and managing these waste streams, such as the use of aerobic treatments. The final chapter addresses current poultry processing practices, the consequent production of byproducts, as well as future opportunities to enhance the value of these byproducts as sources of high-value biological compounds and tissues.

This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on the environmental impact of livestock production. The first chapter discusses life cycle assessment (LCA) and its role in evaluating the environmental footprint of farming systems. The chapter also explores how the practical trade-off between feasibility and scientific rigour should be addressed in the field of ruminant production systems. The second chapter explores some of the many facets of livestock’s contributions to climate change and the difficulties involved in quantifying them, with a closer look into the contribution of livestock methane emissions to changing atmospheric methane concentrations over the last few decades. The third chapter presents a review of the environmental sustainability impacts of swine production, focused at the farm level because the majority of environmental impacts occur by this stage of the supply chain. The fourth chapter considers the potential strategies that can be implemented to improve the environmental performance of intensive poultry systems. The final chapter examines how LCA can be used as a tool to quantify multiple resource use and environmental impacts. The chapter details how potentially harmful emissions can be assessed and measured at each stage in the life cycle of sheep products.