Ivan Goncharov

Roman Ivana Goncharova "Oblomov" zasluzhenno zanjal pochjotnoe mesto v zolotoj kollektsii russkoj klassicheskoj literatury. Eto proizvedenie raskryvaet pered chitatelem zhizn obrazovannogo, dobrogo, no lenivogo pomeschika Ili Ilicha Oblomova. Odnazhdy ego nespeshnaja i razmerennaja dejstvitelnost byla vynuzhdena vstupit vo vzaimodejstvie s absoljutno chuzhdym emu mirom - energichnym i dejatelnym mirom Andreja Shtoltsa i Olgi Ilinoj. Ljubov Oblomova k spokojnoj zhizni i ego tjaga k vozljublennoj Olge otrazhaet i vnutrennie sobytija, proiskhodjaschie v Rossii XIX veka: s odnoj storony - eto "oblomovschina", zakosteneloe v svoikh ukladakh dvorjanstvo, kotoroe ne pozvoljaet dazhe ljudjam obrazovannym izbezhat ego tletvornogo vlijanija, i burzhuaznaja tsivilizatsija s drugoj storony, za kotoroj viditsja buduschee strany. "Biblioteka klassicheskoj literatury" - knigi, kotorye pomogajut najti otvety na samye slozhnye voprosy! Izdanie v tvjordom perepljote.

Ivan Goncharov odin iz vydajuschikhsja pisatelej-klassikov XIX veka, kotoryj posvjatil bolshuju chast svoej zhizni gosudarstvennoj sluzhbe. Ego literaturnym debjutom stal roman "Obyknovennaja istorija" o sudbe provintsialnogo romantika Aleksandra Adueva. V poiskakh bolshoj ljubvi i perspektivnoj karery junosha uezzhaet v Peterburg, gde ego pod svoe krylo beret djadja, nastroennyj urezonit pyl podopechnogo i nastavit ego na put istinnyj. Istorija o vzroslenii, mechtakh i razocharovanijakh - chast neformalnoj trilogii, kuda vkhodjat romany "Oblomov" i "Obryv". Proizvedenija svjazany edinoj problematikoj i otrazhajut evoljutsiju ustoev obschestvennoj zhizni s techeniem vremeni.

Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov (1812-1891) pisal svoj luchshij roman "Oblomov" s dlitelnym pereryvom iz-za morskogo puteshestvija, snachala opublikoval odnu glavu, kotoruju vposledstvii sam raskritikoval i peredelal, a potom esche god redaktiroval tekst. Takuju zhe razmerennost i netoroplivost avtor zalozhil i v obraz glavnogo geroja. Dobryj, umnyj i poetichnyj pomeschik Ilja Ilich Oblomov mog by imet vse, chto pozhelaet, odnako provodit svoi dni v lennom nichegonedelanii na ljubimom divane, predavajas vospominanijam i grezam. Dlja preodolenija svoego zatvornichestva u nego net ni sil, ni zhelanija. I dazhe ljubov ne mozhet pobedit ego apatiju. Goncharov raskryvaet pered nami dilemmu cheloveka, kotoryj upuskaet vse vozmozhnosti, no nakhodit schaste i pokoj v svoem polozhenii, i odnovremenno vydaet sobiratelnyj obraz obschestvennogo zastoja serediny XIX veka. Odnako "oblomovschina" prochno voshla v nash kulturnyj kod i okazalas vnevremennym javleniem.

Roman "Obryv" (1869) stal zaversheniem "trilogii" I. A. Goncharova, nachatoj "Obyknovennoj istoriej" i prodolzhennoj "Oblomovym". Vse tri romana vkhodjat v zolotoj fond russkoj i mirovoj literatury i do sikh por polzujutsja uspekhom u chitatelej. "Obryv", nad kotorym pisatel rabotal dvadtsat let, chasto nazyvajut entsiklopediej strastej. O glavnoj geroine svoego romana Goncharov uzhe posle vykhoda romana v svet pisal: "Menja uvlekali projavlenija strasti v chistoj i gordoj nature zhenschiny i borba ee s nej. Voobsche menja vsjudu porazhal protsess raznoobraznogo projavlenija strasti, to est ljubvi, kotoryj, chto by ni govorili, imeet gromadnoe vlijanie na sudbu... ja nevolno rasshevelil i ischerpal v romane pochti vse obrazy strastej". Itak, Boris Rajskij, molodoj chelovek, veduschij zhizn svobodnogo khudozhnika, priezzhaet v svoe imenie na Volge. Eto blagoslovennyj ugolok, gde vse raduet glaz: staryj dom, nezhnaja zelen berez i lip, serebristaja polosa reki, i tolko tainstvennyj obryv v kontse sada pugaet obitatelej usadby svjazannym s nim predaniem o revnivom muzhe, kotoryj ubil zhenu i sopernika...

It is a winter evening, and Yegor Aduyev, the scion of a wealthy family from the landed gentry, slips into the house of Baron Neyleyn with the intention of asking his beautiful daughter, the eighteen-year-old Yelena, to be his wife. Will the besotted lover be successful in his pursuit or will the young coquette - who seems at times to reciprocate his feelings, but who lavished lingering looks on two dashing princes during a recent ball - shatter his hopes, his dreams and his entire world? A Serendipitous Error, written in 1839, when Goncharov was still in his twenties, is accompanied here by another early novella, An Evil Malady and a short fictional fragment. Taken together, these stories - translated for the first time into English - are further proof of the eclectic narrative skills of the celebrated author of Oblomov.

Imenie khudozhnika Rajskogo - blagoslovennyj ugolok, gde vse raduet glaz: rodnoj staryj dom, nezhnaja zelen berez i lip, serebristaja polosa Volgi vdali... I tolko tainstvennyj obryv v kontse sada strashit obitatelej usadby. Po predaniju, na dne ego v dalekie vremena revnivyj muzh ubil zhenu i sopernika... "Obryv" - slovo-simvol v sudbe glavnoj geroini. Ej na dolju vypalo poljubit nigilista i tsinika, propovedujuschego "ljubov na srok", muchitelno vybirat mezhdu chuvstvom i dolgom, nakonets, spustitsja k ljubimomu cheloveku v obryv, oborvat vse, chto svjazyvalo s prezhnej zhiznju, prezhnim ponimaniem dolga i chestnosti... A posle zhit na grani gibeli, s bezyskhodnoj toskoj i strastju, i v itoge vystradat mudrost i mir v dushe.

Roman "Obyknovennaja istorija" stal pervym sereznym proizvedeniem I. A. Goncharova. V nem opisyvajutsja byt i nravy zhitelej dvorjanskoj usadby XIX veka. Geroj romana, Aleksandr Aduev, mechtatelnyj i naivnyj junosha, menjaetsja pod vlijaniem svoego bogatogo i pragmatichnogo djadi. Iz otvergnutogo Nadenkoj neschastnogo vljublennogo Aleksandr prevraschaetsja v raschetlivogo i ne zhduschego nichego udivitelnogo ot zhizni cheloveka. Roman izdaetsja so statej I. A. Goncharova "Luchshe pozdno, chem nikogda" i s prilozheniem: otryvkom iz stati i "Vospominanijami ob I. A. Goncharove" G. N. Potanina. Dlja starshego shkolnogo vozrasta. Khudozhnik: Karetina Irina

Glavnye geroi romana Ivana Goncharova - mjagkij i mechtatelnyj Ilja Oblomov, zhizneljubivyj i dejatelnyj Andrej Shtolts, nezhnaja i ljuboznatelnaja Olga Ilinskaja. Ikh istorija vzaimootnoshenij pokazyvaet, kak vazhno ne ostanavlivatsja zhit ni na minutu i zanimatsja tem, chto prinosit radost, razvivaet um. Knigi serii "Chitaem po shkolnoj programme" adresovany uchaschimsja srednej i starshej shkoly. Vse proizvedenija russkoj i zarubezhnoj klassiki, kotorye neobkhodimo izuchit soglasno obnovljonnomu gosudarstvennomu obrazovatelnomu standartu, najdutsja sredi tolstykh krasnykh koreshkov! Cerija "Chitaem po shkolnoj programme" - eto prodolzhenie knizhnykh serij "Chitaem do shkoly" i "Knigi dlja vneklassnogo chtenija". Krasnye koreshki - garantija otlichnykh otsenok po literature! Izdanie v tvjordom perepljote.

"Oblomov" - izvestnyj roman I. A. Goncharova, napisannyj im v seredine XIX veka i zatragivajuschij ostrye sotsialnye problemy togo vremeni. Eta genialnaja kniga do sikh por polzuetsja populjarnostju kak sredi shkolnikov, tak i sredi starshikh pokolenij. Novoe izdanie romana v neverojatnom oformlenii s golograficheskoj folgoj na oblozhke stanet ne tolko nezamenimym pomoschnikom v podgotovke k EGE, OGE, urokam literatury, no i prijatnym podarkom dlja vsekh tsenitelej klassicheskoj literatury. V nem vy najdete unikalnye spravochnye materialy: zametki na poljakh dlja bystrogo poiska nuzhnogo fragmenta, razvernutye kommentarii, gde objasnjajutsja ustarevshie slova i neponjatnye fakty, istoriju sozdanija proizvedenija, ukazatel imen i sobytij. Vse eto pomozhet ne tolko bystro i legko podgotovitsja k ekzamenam, no i uznat novye fakty, kotorye mozhno bylo upustit v shkole. V proizvedenii rasskazyvaetsja o zhizni glavnogo geroja, apatichnogo i lenivogo Ili Ilicha Oblomova, simvolizirujuschego grazhdanskuju passivnost rossijskogo dvorjanstva. Kniga opisyvaet ego bezdejstvie i stradanija ot nesposobnosti sdelat vybor mezhdu traditsionnym ukladom zhizni i bolshimi sotsialnymi peremenami. V tsentre romana nakhoditsja protivostojanie "oblomovschiny" i aktivnoj zhiznennoj pozitsii, predstavlennoj drugim personazhem, Andreem Shtoltsom. Sobranie vsekh knig serii "Klassika s razborom proizvedenij" v stilnykh oblozhkakh stanet neverojatnym ukrasheniem domashnej biblioteki. Ee jarkoe oformlenie mozhno budet zasluzhenno nazvat zhemchuzhinoj vashej kollektsii.

V svojom romane I. Goncharov sozdal obraz russkogo cheloveka, stavshij naritsatelnym. Ponjatie "oblomovschina" vsem nam znakomo, no geroj romana sovsem neodnoznachen. "Zolotoe serdtse", "chistaja natura" iz-za leni i bojazni peremen terjaet ljubov, zabyvaet o karere, no pri etom vpolne schastliv. Eta istorija zastavljaet zadumatsja o smysle bytija, tschetnosti suetnogo obraza zhizni, gde net vozmozhnosti ostanovitsja i sprosit: "A zachem vse eto?".

Samim nazvaniem romana russkij pisatel Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov (1812-1891) podcherknul svoe ironichnoe otnoshenie k tsarivshemu kultu romantizma v literature i oboznachil perekhod k realizmu. To est k tomu nastojaschemu, chto proiskhodit v zhizni, opisannomu bez gromkikh slov i lishnikh prikras. Glavnyj geroj romana Aleksandr Aduev pozitsioniruet sebja kak neiskorenimogo romantika, no razocharovyvaetsja v sobstvennykh idealakh. Novoispechennomu peterburzhtsu bystro razbivajut serdtse, i tsinichnyj gorod ne daet molodomu cheloveku ni vechnoj ljubvi, ni nerushimoj druzhby, ni poeticheskoj slavy. Zalechivat dushevnye rany on vozvraschaetsja v materinskuju usadbu, a cherez poltora goda snova edet v Peterburg. No uzhe sovershenno drugim chelovekom. Chto zhdet ego na etot raz?

V epokhu, kogda tipichnyj geroj russkogo romana stradaet ot nevozmozhnosti prilozhit svoi sily v Rossii, Goncharov vyvodit na stsenu cheloveka, soznatelno izbegajuschego ljubykh usilij. V spore mezhdu mechtatelnym Oblomovym i dejatelnym Shtoltsem avtor ne beret nichju storonu: ego roman - to li pritcha o vechnoj russkoj leni, to li oda mudromu russkomu nedejaniju." Glavnye knigi russkoj literatury" - sovmestnaja serija izdatelstva "Alpina. Proza" i internet-proekta "Polka". Proizvedenija, kotorye v nej vykhodjat, vybrany sovremennymi pisateljami, kritikami, literaturovedami, prepodavateljami. Eto i popytka opredelit, kak vygljadit segodnja russkij literaturnyj kanon, i novyj vzgljad na izvestnye proizvedenija: kazhduju knigu soprovozhdaet predislovie avtorov "Polki".

Goncharov was the leading Russian writer of the 1850s and, as the author of The Same Old Story, was regarded as “the real heir to Nikolai Gogol”. But the publication of Turgenev’s first full-length novel, A Nest of the Gentry, in 1859, at around the same time as Goncharov’s Oblomov, which had been more than ten years in the making, suddenly changed the public’s perception. Turgenev’s success was eyed with suspicion by his rival, who started to believe that his work in progress, Malinovka Heights, had been plagiarized by his former friend. Goncharov had in fact discussed in detail with Turgenev the plot of his new novel, and the latter later admitted that, being very impressionable, he may have been influenced by some of its elements, but his friend’s charges went further: he accused the younger writer of stealing his ideas, his characters and even some of his plotlines. As Turgenev’s success increased over the years, so did Goncharov’s resentment, and the two novelists, although later reconciled, stopped communicating with each other. An Uncommon Story, published posthumously in 1924, contrary to its author’s wishes, is an extraordinary document that lays bare the jealousies felt but rarely expressed by writers, and an eternal monument to literary paranoia.

"Oblomov" - istorija neudavshejsja karery, nesbyvshejsja ljubvi, upuschennykh vozmozhnostej, no pri etom, kak ni stranno, istorija zhizni vpolne schastlivogo, po sobstvennomu ego mneniju, cheloveka... Takoj paradoksalnyj tip lichnosti v litse Ili Oblomova opisal v svoem proizvedenii Goncharov, sdelav imja svoego geroja naritsatelnym i opredeliv takoj obraz zhizni kak "oblomovschina". Chto zhe takoe "oblomovschina"? Nichegonedelanie, kazhdodnevnoe lezhanie na divane, apatija? Kak eto znakomo... Chelovek, stradajuschij oblomovschinoj, mozhet byt po suti svoej umnym, obrazovannym i dobrejshim chelovekom, no vse ustremlenija i zhelanija ego propadut vtune. A ved vse moglo slozhitsja po-drugomu... Roman Goncharova "Oblomov" mnogikh chitatelej pobuzhdaet serezno zadumatsja i, vozmozhno, mnogoe peresmotret v svoej zhizni. Ne sluchajno ego tak chasto ekranizirujut i stavjat veduschie teatry Rossii.

Bessmertnyj roman Ivana Aleksandrovicha Goncharova napisan v 1859 godu. On stal odnim iz samykh znachimykh proizvedenij v russkoj literature XIX veka. V nem zatronuty i ostrye sotsialnye temy, volnovavshie obschestvo s to vremja, i, samoe glavnoe, - provedeno glubokoe psikhologicheskoe issledovanie russkogo kharaktera, ot kotorogo poshlo v narod takoe ponjatie kak "Oblomovschina". Dlja detej starshego shkolnogo vozrasta.