Janne Kivivuori

In 1827, the first modern national crime statistics were published: the Compte général de l'administration de la justice criminelle en France. Before the onset of data criminology, the perception of crime relied on sources from classical antiquity, rational philosophical thought, travellers' observations, and unsystematic observations by criminal justice practitioners. With the new concept of national crime statistics, it became possible to test theories and hypotheses about crime using a shared data instrument, leading to an unprecedented avalanche of crime research by continental scholars. Crime and Civilization: The Birth of Criminology in the Early Nineteenth Century explores the rise of data-based criminology as an intellectual field in continental Europe in the early nineteenth century. Janne Kivivuori creates a new interpretation of the era of 'first criminology,' one approached from the perspective of data and instruments, thus complementing the traditional story based on theories and explanatory shifts from 'classicism' to 'positivism' and beyond. Drawing on original French, German, and English publications, the book contextualizes the rise of criminology in wider cultural history, spanning from Enlightenment philosophers to the general rise of science in society. Accessible and thought-provoking, Crime and Civilization is about how data-driven criminal studies began, and how the first criminologists could know about the patterns and trends of crime. A must-read for criminologists worldwide, this book will fast become a valuable addition to the literature on the history of criminology and of early social science more generally.

Kriminaalipolitiikan tavoitteena on vähentää rikollisuutta ja lisätä turvallisuutta yhteiskunnassa. Mutta onnistutaanko tässä, ja toimivatko jotkin keinot paremmin kuin toiset? Kriminaalipolitiikka nojaa empiiriseen tutkimukseen ja sen uusimpiin tuloksiin tarkastellessaan alan keskeisiä keinoja ja niiden vaikutuksia. Ehkäisevätkö rangaistukset rikoksia? Miten sosiaalipolitiikalla voidaan vaikuttaa rikosten esiintymiseen? Kannattaako poliisin valvontaresurssit kohdistaa riskipaikkoihin ja -ryhmiin vai jakaa tasaisemmin? Mikä on teknologisen rikoksentorjunnan rooli tulevaisuuden kriminaalipolitiikassa? Teos antaa kattavan kuvan kriminaalipolitiikan keinovalikoimasta sekä kriminaalipoliittista päätöksentekoa tukevasta tutkimuksesta. Se soveltuu oppikirjaksi kriminologian, yhteiskuntapolitiikan ja oikeustieteen opintoihin sekä työn ja asiantuntijuuden tueksi alan toimijoille.

Miksi toiset ihmiset tekevät enemmän rikoksia kuin toiset? Mistä syystä laittomuudet kasaantuvat joillekin alueille? Miten köyhyys, ihmisen persoonallisuus ja sosiaalinen kontrolli vaikuttavat rikollisuuteen? Millä tavoin rikollisuus on muuttunut ajan saatossa? Kriminologia tutkii arkaluontoisia ilmiöitä, sillä rikoksen tekijä ei yleensä halua tekoaan muiden tietoon. Myös rikoksen uhri voi pyrkiä mieluiten unohtamaan kokemuksensa. Yhteiskunnallisessa keskustelussa kysymykset rikollisuudestaja turvallisuudesta ovat kuitenkin tulleet yhä tärkeämmiksi. Kriminologia vastaa näihin kysymyksiin uusimman tutkimustiedon avulla. Teoksessa tarkastellaan myös uusia rikosuhkia, kuten kyberrikollisuutta ja terrorismia, sekä rikollisuuden ehkäisemisen keinoja. Kuinka voidaan saavuttaa entistä turvallisempi, kansalaisia oikeudenmukaisesti kohteleva yhteiskunta?

This Brief presents the first major release of findings from the Third International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD3). ISRD is a major international research collaboration that now covers some 35 countries. It surveys young people aged 12 to 16 in their schools, asking about their experience of crime – both as offenders and as victims – and about their attitudes to crime and justice and about their home and school life. ISRD1 was carried out in 1991-1992 and ISRD2 in 2006-2008. ISRD findings presented here cover the 27 ISRD3 countries for which data are already available, with a total sample approaching 63,000 young people. For most of these countries, the samples are drawn from two major cities. This volume provides key findings on self-reported offending and on victimization. Chapter 1 set the scene, and describes the background to ISRD3. Chapter 2describes the methods used in the survey; respondents complete the ISRD questionnaire either in paperformat or – increasingly – using a standardized internet program. Chapter 3 covers key findings on self-reported offending, including the important finding that preparedness to disclose offending varies according to cultural context. Chapter 4 presents findings on victimization, including important new findings on hate crime and the use of parental violence, as well as coverage of more conventional forms of crime. A final chapter summarizes the results and draws out their implications. This Brief will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice,as well as related fields such as sociology, public policy, and psychology. Due tothe groundbreaking methodological analyses provided, this Brief is essential reading to all who conduct or use internationally comparative and global survey research.

Discovery of Hidden Crime presents a history of the self-report crime survey as a method of criminological inquiry, describing how it was born within a distinct moral framework by pioneers out to show that crime was very prevalent and, therefore, normal. This books recounts how, during the 1930s and 1940s, a handful of US criminologists discovered the method of the self-report delinquency survey - a method used to ask people directly about their crimes. Previously, criminologists had to rely on official statistics produced by the police and other control authorities; their studies were therefore constrained by the 'official control barrier', which perpetuated the notion that crime was linked to the lowest social strata and/or to psychological abnormality. By confronting the domination of psychiatrists and psychologists in the study of crime, criminologists began to challenge the punitive attitudes of society; thus, exposing the so-called white collar offenders and alerting people to see crime as something that could also be found among the middle and upper classes. Expounding both the history of that discovery and its implications for criminological work, past and present, this book offers a fascinating perspective on how criminology has developed, and how it continues to advance amid the twin pressures of facts and policy goals. This is an open access title. It is available to read and download as a free PDF version on Oxford Academic and is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International licence.