John Hemming

Vi har kommit långt från de religioner, myter och grundarberättelser som lade grunden till människans tidiga förståelse av världen och allting i den, och våra kunskaper har på senare tid ökat exponentiellt. I den här boken diskuterar ledande forskare inom konst och vetenskap hur kunskap och information har bevarats och förmedlats i historien, vilket leder oss fram till dagens digitala tidsålder och de många utmaningar som den ställer oss inför, inte minst beträffande våra persondata. Kommer vårt informationssamhälle, under växande spänning mellan en kunskapselit och dem som känner sig utestängda från offentlig diskussion och beslutsfattande, liksom under ökad friktion om tolkningsfrihet och yttrandefrihet i den akademiska världen, att bli en upplysningstid eller går vi in i en ny mörk tid för kunskapen? Texterna i den här illustrerade antologin härrör från det internationellt välrenommerade Engelsbergsseminariet 2018. Huvudredaktörer är Kurt Almqvist och Mattias Hessérus.

During Admiral Thomas Cochrane's demolition of imperial Spain's naval presence in the Pacific during the revolutionary wars for Spanish South America, all the raids were carried out by his marines under a young officer called William Miller. He came from nowhere - one of three sons of a baker in a small village in Kent, with no family influence, money, or even secondary education - but, following his service as a teenaged soldier in Wellington's Peninsular War, went on to have a meteoric rise in the armies that liberated the nations of Chile and Peru. Inspired by some South Americans' wish to leave Spain's colonial empire, Miller went not to join Simon Bolivar in the north (as did many demobilised European soldiers), but to the south, to Jose de San Martin in Argentina and Chile. By the time of Ayacucho in 1824, the large battle that ended Spanish rule in South America, there were seven generals in the royalist Spanish army and five on the patriot side. Eleven of these generals were Hispanic; Miller was the only foreigner. Miller was passionately anti-imperialist, anti-slavery, and unusually kind to ordinary people and peasant farmers due to his own humble origins. He was highly regarded by all the leaders of independence and popular with his men and fellow officers, and when he died decades after the battles in which he made his name he was buried in the Pantheon of founding fathers of Peru. William (or Guillermo, as he is known in South America) Miller is well recognised and loved particularly in modern Peru, but also across the swathe of nations liberated from Spanish rule during this period.

In 1945, three young brothers joined and eventually led Brazil’s first government-sponsored expedition into its Amazonian rainforests. After more expeditions into unknown terrain, they became South America's most famous explorers, spending the rest of their lives with the resilient tribal communities they found there. People of the Rainforest recounts the Villas Boas brothers’ four thrilling and dangerous ‘first contacts’ with isolated indigenous people, and their lifelong mission to learn about their societies and, above all, help them adapt to modern Brazil without losing their cultural heritage, identity and pride. Author and explorer John Hemming vividly traces the unique adventures of these extraordinary brothers, who used their fame to change attitudes to native peoples and to help protect the world’s surviving tropical rainforests, under threat again today.

Alfred Russel Wallace, Henry Walter Bates and Richard Spruce were English naturalists who went to Amazonia 150 years ago. This book is the first to combine all three young men’s experiences of the Amazon, drawing heavily on their own letters and books. All three explored an unknown river and had many thrilling adventures: violent attacks of malaria, fearful rapids, murder attempts, encounters with newly contacted indigenous peoples, shipwrecks, and many other hardships. In addition to their huge contributions to knowledge of the Amazonian environment, each is particularly famous for one discovery. Wallace is acknowledged as a co-discoverer, along with Charles Darwin, of the theory of evolution. Bates discovered protective mimicry among insects, a phenomenon named after him. Spruce transported the quinine-bearing Cinchona tree, the most important medicinal plant of the nineteenth century, to India, where it saved countless lives from malaria.

This enthralling book brilliantly describes the passionate struggles that have taken place in order to utilize, protect and understand the wonder that is the Amazon. Hemming’s riveting account recalls the adventures and misadventures down the centuries of the explorers, missionaries, indigenous Indians, naturalists, rubber barons, scientists, anthropologists, archaeologists, political extremists, prospectors and many more, who have been in thrall to the Amazon, the largest river in the world, with the greatest expanse of tropical rain forest and most luxuriant biological diversity on earth.