Jonas Frank

Diese Studie untersucht Romerbriefauslegungen aus dem 12. und 13. Jahrhundert auf ihre Darstellung der Rechtfertigung und betrachtet dabei insbesondere die Rolle der Gnade Gottes und der menschlichen Verdienste im Rechtfertigungsgeschehen. Die einzelnen Auslegungen werden dabei in ihrem Entstehungskontext (die Schulen und die spatere Universitat Paris) betrachtet und miteinander verglichen. Dabei werden Traditionslinien und Abgrenzungen sichtbar. Die Studie zeigt auf, dass die Auslegungen mit Blick auf den Beitrag Gottes und des Menschen im Rechtfertigungsgeschehen vielstimmig und differenziert sind und leistet somit einen Beitrag zur Erforschung der mittelalterlichen Bibelauslegung und des Rechtfertigungs- und Gnadenverstandnisses. English summary: This study examines 12th and 13th century interpretations of the Epistle to the Romans with regard to their understanding of justification, focusing in particular on the role of God's grace and human merit in the process of justification. The individual interpretations are considered in their context of origin (the schools and the later University of Paris) and compared with each other, thereby revealing lines of tradition and demarcations. The study shows that the interpretations are polyphonic and differentiated with regard to the contribution of God and man in the event of justification and thus makes a contribution to the study of medieval biblical interpretation and the understanding of justification and grace.

Public resources - if invested well in public infrastructure and services - can catalyze private and community efforts and unleash an inclusive growth and development process. But public investment attracts political interest, usually of the kind that undermines efficiency. Too often public projects are poorly designed, under-funded, long-delayed, or badly implemented, with little benefit to the population. This is a critical challenge for many countries, both rich and poor. Paradoxically, some countries are even unable to spend their limited investment budgets while others lack “shovel ready” projects for a fiscal stimulus. The quality of institutions is fundamental. This book identifies eight key institutional features that countries need to adopt to ensure that public investments support growth and development. Very broadly, the eight stages correspond to a disciplined system for guiding, appraising, reviewing and selecting projects that are most likely to stimulate inclusive development, and following through to ensure that they are implemented, adjusted, operated and evaluated to deliver the public services that citizens and the private sector expect. A review of over 30 countries suggests that these eight features are present in all countries that manage resources efficiently but most countries are missing key features. Not surprisingly, those weaknesses contribute to poor investment and development outcomes. Strengthening institutions for public investment management is critical to developmental success. This book provides a clear, non-technical discussion on approaches to improving project appraisal, dealing with uncertainty (an issue that is likely to grow in importance with the effects of climate change), integrating procurement skills into project design and implementation, and of managing the decision on public private partnerships. By providing a simple but comprehensive framework and global experience, the book provides policy makers the guidance to adopt good functional principles in the design of institutions to strengthen public investment management.