Joseph Millum

Interesting and important ethical questions confront researchers, regulators, institutional review boards, support personnel, and research participants committed to the ethical conduct of human subjects research at all stages of research. Questions encompass - but are not limited to - study design, enrolling participants, balancing the clinical needs of participants against the research agenda, ending trials, discharging post-trial obligations, and resolving conflicts. Straightforward solutions to these types of questions are often not found in regulations, ethics codes, or the bioethics literature. These resources may leave room for interpretation, offer conflicting guidance, or simply fail to address particular questions. Ethics consultation, which has been offered in clinical care settings with regularity since the 1980s, has since the turn of the century increasingly been sought in the clinical research context. Because there has only lately been recognition that ethics consultants can play a valuable role helping the research community conduct research in the most ethically informed way, there are many open questions in the field of research ethics consultation including the appropriate role of consultants and the best methods of consultation. The Clinical Center Bioethics Consultation Service has been serving the NIH community of researchers, administrators, healthcare providers, and research participants for more than a decade, conducting nearly 1,000 consultations in that time. In this book, members of the Bioethics Consultation Service reflect on this long track-record and unparalleled range of research ethics consultations to share a collection of their most interesting and informative research ethics consultations and to start a dialogue on remaining open questions. Although the NIH experience is unique, this book focuses on cases - and associated lessons - that are generalizable and valuable for the entire clinical research community. This book will be valuable to ethics consultants, clinical investigators, students and teachers, and others desiring insight into clinical research ethics and ethics consultation.

We borrow and lend possessions, sign up to social networking sites, agree to sexual advances, and undergo medical procedures—all by giving consent. Without consent, these acts would be rights violations. With it, they can be made permissible. Consequently, questions about consent are controversial and ethically fraught. The Ethics of Consent is a clear and much-needed introduction to this fundamental topic. In Part I, the authors examine conceptual and theoretical questions surrounding consent, providing an accessible overview of topics such as validity, competence, the informational requirements for consent, coercion, manipulation, and deception. In Part II they examine consent to medical care, clinical research, online data use, sex, and government. The book addresses important and controversial subjects, including the involuntary treatment of patients in healthcare, the payment of healthy volunteers in research, the use of data-collecting technology in public education, the ethics of intoxicated sex, and the authority of referendums. An excellent starting point for anyone studying the ethics of consent, this book will be valuable for those working in philosophy, applied ethics and philosophy of law, as well as related disciplines such as medicine, public policy, and gender studies.

We borrow and lend possessions, sign up to social networking sites, agree to sexual advances, and undergo medical procedures—all by giving consent. Without consent, these acts would be rights violations. With it, they can be made permissible. Consequently, questions about consent are controversial and ethically fraught. The Ethics of Consent is a clear and much-needed introduction to this fundamental topic. In Part I, the authors examine conceptual and theoretical questions surrounding consent, providing an accessible overview of topics such as validity, competence, the informational requirements for consent, coercion, manipulation, and deception. In Part II they examine consent to medical care, clinical research, online data use, sex, and government. The book addresses important and controversial subjects, including the involuntary treatment of patients in healthcare, the payment of healthy volunteers in research, the use of data-collecting technology in public education, the ethics of intoxicated sex, and the authority of referendums. An excellent starting point for anyone studying the ethics of consent, this book will be valuable for those working in philosophy, applied ethics and philosophy of law, as well as related disciplines such as medicine, public policy, and gender studies.

This volume offers a carefully argued, compelling theory of bioethics while eliciting practical implications for a wide array of issues including medical assistance-in-dying, the right to health care, abortion, animal research, and the definition of death. The authors' dual-value theory features mid-level principles, a distinctive model of moral status, a subjective account of well-being, and a cosmopolitan view of global justice. In addition to ethical theory, the book investigates the nature of harm and autonomous action, personal identity theory, and the 'non-identity problem' associated with many procreative decisions. Readers new to particular topics will benefit from helpful introductions, specialists will appreciate in-depth theoretical explorations and a novel take on various practical issues, and all readers will benefit from the book's original synoptic vision of bioethics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

This volume offers a carefully argued, compelling theory of bioethics while eliciting practical implications for a wide array of issues including medical assistance-in-dying, the right to health care, abortion, animal research, and the definition of death. The authors' dual-value theory features mid-level principles, a distinctive model of moral status, a subjective account of well-being, and a cosmopolitan view of global justice. In addition to ethical theory, the book investigates the nature of harm and autonomous action, personal identity theory, and the 'non-identity problem' associated with many procreative decisions. Readers new to particular topics will benefit from helpful introductions, specialists will appreciate in-depth theoretical explorations and a novel take on various practical issues, and all readers will benefit from the book's original synoptic vision of bioethics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Most people believe that parents have moral rights and responsibilities regarding their children. These rights and responsibilities undergird the nuclear family and are essential to the flourishing of its members. However, their basis and contents are hotly contested. Do a child's genetic parents have a right to parent her? The importance of genetic ties is affirmed by many people's gut responses, everyday talk, and many court decisions, but the moral justification for tying parenthood rights to genetics is unclear. Parents are routinely permitted to make far-reaching decisions about their children's medical care, education, religious practice, and even how to punish them. When can parental rights be limited by the interests of the child or society? Matters are no more settled when it comes to parental responsibilities. It is commonly thought that if a man conceives a child through voluntary sexual intercourse he acquires parental responsibilities, even if he took every precaution against conception. On the other hand, sperm donors are widelythough not universallythought to have no responsibilities towards their progeny. What is the basis for these disparate judgments? Parents are expected to do a lot for their children as they raise them. But there are surely limits. Sometimes parents have to balance the needs of multiple family members or just want to have time for themselves. What is the extent of their parental responsibilities? In The Moral Foundations of Parenthood, Joseph Millum provides a philosophical account of moral parenthood. He explains how parental rights and responsibilities are acquired, what those rights and responsibilities consist in, and how parents should go about making decisions on behalf of their children. In doing so, he provides a set of frameworks to help solve pressing ethical dilemmas relating to parents and children.