Kenji Takizawa

Rate constants for reactions of 11 hydrochlorofluorocarbons and 12 hydrofluorocarbons were measured by means of the absolute rate method over the temperature range 250-430 K. OH radicals were generated by flash photolysis, laser photolysis, or a discharge flow methods; and the concentration of OH radicals was monitored by means of the laser-induced fluorescence technique. The fluorinated compounds were purified by gas chromatography; impurities remaining in the samples after purification were found to have no sizeable effect on the measured rate constants. The Arrhenius rate expressions were determined from the kinetic data obtained in this study as well as from available literature data. A method for estimating rates of reactions with OH radicals using an artificial neural network method was developed. An algorithm for a back-propagation method for determining optimised weights was developed for cases in which the reactivities of individual reaction sites of a molecule are not known. The ability of the neural network method to predict rate constants was evaluated by using the leave-one-out method. Rate constants for 94 compounds, including hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, and brominated compounds, were calculated within a factor of 2.

Space–Time Computational Flow Analysis (STCFA) was developed in 1990 in the context of flows with moving boundaries and interfaces, which is a wide class of problems that includes fluid–particle interactions, fluid–structure interactions (FSI), and free-surface and multi-fluid flows. It is a computational framework made of unconventional methods, which have evolved over the years as more unconventional methods were introduced to increase its scope and accuracy. It brought first-of-its-kind solutions in many classes of problems, including fluid–particle interactions in particle-laden flows, FSI in parachute aerodynamics, flapping-wing aerodynamics of an actual locust, ventricle-valve-aorta flow analysis, and car and tire aerodynamics. With these successes in so many classes of problems, the STCFA has reached a level of remarkable sophistication, scope, and practical value. This monograph presents, for the first time, a chronological catalog of STCFA methods and solutions from their development to the present. Part I focuses on the STCFA in the context of finite element analysis, and Part II in the context of isogeometric analysis. The methods presented include complementary general-purpose methods that were introduced in the evolution of STCFA. All researchers working on or interested in space–time computations in fluid mechanics, FSI, and solid mechanics, including graduate students, will benefit from the wealth of powerful computational methods and impressive solutions they will find in the book.

Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction: Methods and Applications takes the reader from the fundamentals of computational fluid and solid mechanics to the state-of-the-art in computational FSI methods, special FSI techniques, and solution of real-world problems. Leading experts in the field present the material using a unique approach that combines advanced methods, special techniques, and challenging applications. This book begins with the differential equations governing the fluid and solid mechanics, coupling conditions at the fluid–solid interface, and the basics of the finite element method. It continues with the ALE and space–time FSI methods, spatial discretization and time integration strategies for the coupled FSI equations, solution techniques for the fully-discretized coupled equations, and advanced FSI and space–time methods. It ends with special FSI techniques targeting cardiovascular FSI, parachute FSI, and wind-turbine aerodynamics and FSI. Key features: First book to address the state-of-the-art in computational FSICombines the fundamentals of computational fluid and solid mechanics, the state-of-the-art in FSI methods, and special FSI techniques targeting challenging classes of real-world problemsCovers modern computational mechanics techniques, including stabilized, variational multiscale, and space–time methods, isogeometric analysis, and advanced FSI coupling methodsIs in full color, with diagrams illustrating the fundamental concepts and advanced methods and with insightful visualization illustrating the complexities of the problems that can be solved with the FSI methods covered in the book. Authors are award winning, leading global experts in computational FSI, who are known for solving some of the most challenging FSI problems Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction: Methods and Applications is a comprehensive reference for researchers and practicing engineers who would like to advance their existing knowledge on these subjects. It is also an ideal text for graduate and senior-level undergraduate courses in computational fluid mechanics and computational FSI.