Kirsi Salonen

Luonto ja planetaarinen terveys -kirja tarkastelee luonnon ja ihmisen välistä yhteyttä kokonaisvaltaisen terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin näkökulmasta. Suomessa luonto koetaan tärkeäksi ja merkitykselliseksi, mutta siihen liittyy myös ristiriitaisia näkemyksiä. Luontoon liitetään paitsi rauhaa ja kauneutta, myös uhkia ja vaaroja. Luonto saatetaan nähdä vain ihmisen tarpeiden näkökulmasta. Ihmisen jäljet ovat näkyneet luonnossa jo vuosituhansien ajan. Esihistoriallisena aikana ihminen eli luonnon kanssa sopusoinnussa, mutta kaupungistuminen on vieraannuttanut modernin ihmisen luonnosta. Tutkimukset osoittavat, että tämä luontoyhteyden puute – niin sanottu luontopuutostila – vaikuttaa kielteisesti sekä kehon että mielen hyvinvointiin. Luonnon monimuotoisuus lisää sen kykyä selviytyä muutoksista, ja sama monimuotoisuus on myös ihmisen terveyden perusta. Rikas mikrobikirjo vahvistaa vastustuskykyä, ja monipuolinen aistimaailma tukee psyykkistä ja fyysistä palautumiskykyä. Kirjassa esitellään suomalaisten asiantuntijoiden kehittämä Luonnosta Virtaa -menetelmä, joka pohjautuu tutkittuun tietoon sekä eko- ja ympäristöpsykologian teorioihin. Menetelmä auttaa muuttamaan luonnon herättämät tunteet voimavaraksi ja vahvistaa psyykkisiä suojarakenteita. Kirjan käytännön esimerkit tukevat omaa ja muiden hyvinvointia. Ne ovat hyödyllisiä kaikille, mutta erityisesti kasvatus-, opetus-, sosiaali- ja terveysalan ammattilaisille. Toivotamme sinulle kiehtovaa matkaa syvemmälle luontoon ja planetaariseen terveyteen.

Medieval Scandinavia went through momentous changes. Regional power centres merged and gave birth to the three strong kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. At the end of the Middle Ages, they together formed the enormous Kalmar Union comprising almost all lands around the North Atlantic and the Baltic Sea. In the Middle Ages, Scandinavia became part of a common Europe, yet preserved its own distinct cultural markers. Scandinavia in the Middle Ages 900–1550 covers the entire Middle Ages into an engaging narrative. The book gives a chronological overview of political, ecclesiastical, cultural, and economic developments. It integrates to this narrative climatic changes, energy crises, devastating epidemies, family life and livelihood, arts, education, technology and literature, and much else. The book shows how different groups had an important role in shaping society: kings and peasants, pious priests, nuns and crusaders, merchants, and students, without forgetting minorities such as Sámi and Jews. The book is divided into three chronological parts 900–1200, 1200–1400, and 1400–1550, where analyses of general trends are illustrated by the acts of individual men and women. This book is essential reading for students of, as well as all those interested in, medieval Scandinavia and Europe more broadly.

Building on recent revisionist histories of the quality and ability of the late medieval clergy, this is a comprehensive survey of the ordinations of priests at the Roman curia during the pontificates of Pius II (1458-1464) and Paul II (1464-1471). This period has often been presented as one of stasis within the Catholic Church, falling between the conciliar movement of the first half of the fifteenth century and the Protestant Reformation and counter-reformation of the sixteenth century. However the authors argue that this period was one of gradual reform, whereby the Church attempted to define and control the quality of the clergy. The study analyses archival documentation to reconstruct exactly how young men entered a clerical career, and also what influence practices at the curia had on wider clerical ordinations. The book concentrates especially on the role of the Apostolic Penitentiary in controlling the quality of priest candidates and on the role of Camera Apostolica in carrying out ecclesiastical ordinations in the papal curia. In considering the rules of who could enter the clerical career, and also why and how these rules might be circumvented, this book sheds new light on the late medieval clergy.

Building on recent revisionist histories of the quality and ability of the late medieval clergy, this is a comprehensive survey of the ordinations of priests at the Roman curia during the pontificates of Pius II (1458-1464) and Paul II (1464-1471). This period has often been presented as one of stasis within the Catholic Church, falling between the conciliar movement of the first half of the fifteenth century and the Protestant Reformation and counter-reformation of the sixteenth century. However the authors argue that this period was one of gradual reform, whereby the Church attempted to define and control the quality of the clergy. The study analyses archival documentation to reconstruct exactly how young men entered a clerical career, and also what influence practices at the curia had on wider clerical ordinations. The book concentrates especially on the role of the Apostolic Penitentiary in controlling the quality of priest candidates and on the role of Camera Apostolica in carrying out ecclesiastical ordinations in the papal curia. In considering the rules of who could enter the clerical career, and also why and how these rules might be circumvented, this book sheds new light on the late medieval clergy.

Medieval Scandinavia went through momentous changes. Regional power centres merged and gave birth to the three strong kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. At the end of the Middle Ages, they together formed the enormous Kalmar Union comprising almost all lands around the North Atlantic and the Baltic Sea. In the Middle Ages, Scandinavia became part of a common Europe, yet preserved its own distinct cultural markers. Scandinavia in the Middle Ages 900–1550 covers the entire Middle Ages into an engaging narrative. The book gives a chronological overview of political, ecclesiastical, cultural, and economic developments. It integrates to this narrative climatic changes, energy crises, devastating epidemies, family life and livelihood, arts, education, technology and literature, and much else. The book shows how different groups had an important role in shaping society: kings and peasants, pious priests, nuns and crusaders, merchants, and students, without forgetting minorities such as Sámi and Jews. The book is divided into three chronological parts 900–1200, 1200–1400, and 1400–1550, where analyses of general trends are illustrated by the acts of individual men and women. This book is essential reading for students of, as well as all those interested in, medieval Scandinavia and Europe more broadly.

The first comprehensive study of the Roman papacy during the Great Western Schism. The Great Western Schism (1378-1417) stands as one of the most profound ruptures in the history of the medieval Catholic Church, a crisis that fractured Christendom. This book offers the first comprehensive study of the Roman papacy during this era, a perspective often neglected in existing scholarship. Bringing together political, administrative and religious history, it serves both as an introduction to the Schism and as a detailed study of papal governance in Rome. It explores how the Roman curia, monastic houses and ecclesiastical institutions navigated decades of uncertainty, and how lay devotion in the Eternal City adapted to prolonged turmoil. Challenging the notion that the Roman popes pursued a clear strategy, this book argues that their actions were shaped by pragmatic, often improvised responses to shifting political and ecclesiastical situations; but that despite these constraints, the Roman papal administration proved remarkably resilient in reconstituting itself after 1378, providing those who had remained loyal with opportunities to advance their ecclesiastical careers.

This is a study of the history and function of the highest ecclesiastical tribunal, the Sacra Romana Rota, from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries. Despite its importance for Christendom and in contrast with other important papal offices, the activity of the Rota has never been thoroughly investigated on the basis of archival sources, in large part due to the vast source material and the perceived "difficulty" of the subject. This book fills this significant gap by explaining how the Rota functioned-its organization, the phases of a Rota process, everyday practices at the tribunal-and the kinds of issues it handled, where the processes originated from and how long they lasted. The study demonstrates that the Rota dealt with a range of cases much broader than has previously been acknowledged, whilst also confirming that the tribunal mainly oversaw litigation over benefices. The results of this research reveal the true role of the Rota and its significance for Christians from the middle ages to the dawn of the Reformation.

This is a study of the history and function of the highest ecclesiastical tribunal, the Sacra Romana Rota, from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries. Despite its importance for Christendom and in contrast with other important papal offices, the activity of the Rota has never been thoroughly investigated on the basis of archival sources, in large part due to the vast source material and the perceived "difficulty" of the subject. This book fills this significant gap by explaining how the Rota functioned-its organization, the phases of a Rota process, everyday practices at the tribunal-and the kinds of issues it handled, where the processes originated from and how long they lasted. The study demonstrates that the Rota dealt with a range of cases much broader than has previously been acknowledged, whilst also confirming that the tribunal mainly oversaw litigation over benefices. The results of this research reveal the true role of the Rota and its significance for Christians from the middle ages to the dawn of the Reformation.

Mielen luonto ja luonnon mieli -kirja antaa lukijalle monipuolisen kuvan luonnon merkityksestä psyykkiselle hyvinvoinnille sekä ympäristökäyttäytymiselle. Ympäristö vaikuttaa välittömästi ihmiseen. Se voi aiheuttaa psyykkistä pahoinvointia ja mielenterveysongelmia, mutta voi myös edesauttaa hyvinvointia ja mielenterveyttä. Erityisesti luonnonympäristössä ihminen pystyy säätelemään olotilaansa terveyttä edistävään suuntaan. Miten tämä tapahtuu? Tähän kysymykseen pyritään kirjassa löytämään vastauksia. Voit kirjan avulla muodostaa omia, sinulle sopivia käsityksiä luonnon mielestä ja mielen luonnosta. Saatat tehdä muutoksia arkeesi, ottaa luonnon yhä enemmän ja tietoisemmalla tavalla osaksi elämääsi. Kirja on suunnattu sosiaali- ja terveysalan ammattilaisille, ympäristösuunnittelijoille, opettajille ja kaikille, joita kiinnostaa kohentaa oman itsen, muiden ihmisten sekä koko maapallon hyvinvointia. Mielen luonto ja luonnon mieli -kirja antaa lukijalle monipuolisen kuvan luonnon merkityksestä psyykkiselle hyvinvoinnille sekä ympäristökäyttäytymiselle. Ympäristö vaikuttaa välittömästi ihmiseen. Se voi aiheuttaa psyykkistä pahoinvointia ja mielenterveysongelmia, mutta voi myös edesauttaa hyvinvointia ja mielenterveyttä. Erityisesti luonnonympäristössä ihminen pystyy säätelemään olotilaansa terveyttä edistävään suuntaan. Miten tämä tapahtuu? Tähän kysymykseen pyritään kirjassa löytämään vastauksia. Voit kirjan avulla muodostaa omia, sinulle sopivia käsityksiä luonnon mielestä ja mielen luonnosta. Saatat tehdä muutoksia arkeesi, ottaa luonnon yhä enemmän ja tietoisemmalla tavalla osaksi elämääsi. Kirja on suunnattu sosiaali- ja terveysalan ammattilaisille, ympäristösuunnittelijoille, opettajille ja kaikille, joita kiinnostaa kohentaa oman itsen, muiden ihmisten sekä koko maapallon hyvinvointia. Kirja on nelivärinen ja runsaasti kuvitettu.

This is the first book to include full texts and photographs from the Apostolic Penitentiary, ""A Sip from the 'Well of Grace'"", which is groundbreaking in its analysis of one of the most important papal offices of the Middle Ages. The Penitentiary alone was responsible for granting absolutions, dispensations, licenses, and special declarations in various matters such as marriage, illegitimacy, murder and violence, confession, and clerical ordination. With access to archival records long sealed by the Vatican, Kirsi Salonen and Ludwig Schmugge offer historians many new insights for interpreting an important structure of medieval life. The book begins with an introduction to the functions of the Apostolic Penitentiary and considers its role among the various papal offices. Also examined are the various circumstances for which Christians turned to its authority. Procedures for cases as well as the canon law regulations behind the cases are discussed, along with an overview of various documents that were produced during the handling of a case in the Penitentiary. The second part of the book introduces several case studies. Each case is illustrated with the help of original documents preserved both in the Vatican Secret Archives and in numerous local archives in Germany, Italy, and Scandinavia. The original Latin documents are fully edited and accompanied by English translation. Each document is also available in the form of a digital photo, which allows readers to learn concretely what the documents and writing looked like and to exercise palaeographic skills.""A Sip from the 'Well of Grace'"" will be an important addition to any collection on the social and religious history of the later Middle Ages. It is the seventh volume in the ongoing ""Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Canon Law"" series.