Kumar Amit

1) The effectiveness of vacuum formed retainers was more as compared to conventional Hawley's retainer.2) In terms of speech articulation, appearance and comfort, vacuum formed retainers proved to be more respectable than the conventional retainers and more effective clinically. The patient seemed to be more satisfied while wearing the vacuum formed retainers.3) As far as durability and survival of the retainer is concerned, fewer breakages were reported in Hawley's retainers than the vacuum formed retainers.4) When comparing the oral hygiene maintenance of the two, Hawley's retainers proved to maintain better hygiene than the thermoplastic retainers, in terms of swallowing of fluid and saliva. Whereas no difference in periodontal outcome was observed when comparing the two groups.5) In terms of affordability, vacuum formed retainers are found to be more cost effective than the conventional retainers.

Prolonged orthodontic treatment increases the risk of dental issues like cavities, periodontal problems, discomfort, and root resorption. Accelerated orthodontics addresses these challenges by expediting orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) through surgical and non-invasive methods. Surgical techniques like corticotomy and piezoelectric bone punctures stimulate OTM by inducing controlled bone injury, triggering the Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon (RAP), which accelerates osteoclastogenesis and tooth movement. However, these invasive methods can result in pain, bleeding, and reduced patient compliance. Minimally invasive alternatives, such as piezosurgery, fiberotomy, and micro-osteoperforations (MOPs), offer similar benefits with fewer complications. Non-invasive techniques, including lasers and vibrations, have shown effectiveness in enhancing bone remodeling. Low-Level Energy Laser Therapy (LLLT) is widely used in orthodontics for its biostimulatory effects, accelerating OTM, aiding in retention, and providing pain relief. While MOPs and LLLT are effective individually, their combined impact on accelerating OTM is less explored.