Kun Zhang

La modellazione matematica del bacino di Cheboksary utilizzando un modello numerico unidimensionale combinato con la tecnologia GIS stata utilizzata per risolvere i seguenti problemi pratici: previsione dei livelli d'acqua durante il passaggio dell'onda di sfondamento e allo stesso tempo i confini delle zone di inondazione degli insediamenti; analisi della situazione nel corpo idrico alla progettazione e al funzionamento delle strutture idrauliche; sviluppo di misure per eliminare le emergenze; conservazione delle risorse idriche dall'esaurimento e protezione ambientale. Nella calibrazione abbiamo usato i dati misurati nelle stazioni idrologiche per il periodo 2001-2012. Il modello costruito e calibrato stato usato per analizzare le zone di inondazione come risultato della rottura della diga in diverse centrali nucleari nell'idroscalo di Cheboksary. Valore pratico del lavoro: la ricerca ottenuta dell'uso congiunto delle tecnologie GIS e del software idrodinamico computazionale permette di migliorare i metodi di modellazione di simulazione dei mezzi regolati.

La mod lisation math matique du r servoir de Cheboksary l'aide d'un mod le num rique unidimensionnel combin la technologie GIS a t utilis e pour r soudre les probl mes pratiques suivants: pr diction des niveaux d'eau pendant le passage de l'onde de rupture et en m me temps les limites des zones d'inondation des tablissements; analyse de la situation dans la masse d'eau lors de la conception et du fonctionnement des structures hydrauliques; d veloppement de mesures pour liminer les urgences; conservation des ressources en eau de l' puisement et protection de l'environnement. Pour la calibration, nous avons utilis les donn es mesur es dans les stations hydrologiques pour la p riode 2001-2012. Le mod le construit et calibr a t utilis pour analyser les zones d'inondation suite une rupture de barrage dans diff rentes centrales nucl aires de l'hydrosch ma de Cheboksary. Valeur pratique du travail: les recherches obtenues sur l'utilisation conjointe des technologies SIG et des logiciels de calcul hydrodynamique permettent d'am liorer les m thodes de mod lisation par simulation des moyens r glement s.

Die mathematische Modellierung des Tscheboksary-Stausees mit Hilfe eines eindimensionalen numerischen Modells in Verbindung mit der GIS-Technologie wurde zur L sung folgender praktischer Probleme eingesetzt: Vorhersage der Wasserst nde beim Durchgang der Durchbruchswelle und gleichzeitig der Grenzen der berschwemmungsgebiete von Siedlungen; Analyse der Situation im Wasserk rper bei der Planung und dem Betrieb von Wasserbauwerken; Entwicklung von Ma nahmen zur Beseitigung von Notf llen; Schutz der Wasserressourcen vor Ersch pfung und Umweltschutz. F r die Kalibrierung wurden die Messdaten der hydrologischen Stationen aus dem Zeitraum 2001-2012 verwendet. Das konstruierte und kalibrierte Modell wurde zur Analyse von berschwemmungsgebieten infolge von Dammbr chen an verschiedenen KKWs im Tscheboksary-Hydroschema verwendet. Praktischer Wert der Arbeit: Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse aus der gemeinsamen Nutzung von GIS-Technologien und hydrodynamischer Berechnungssoftware erm glichen eine Verbesserung der Methoden zur Simulationsmodellierung von regulierten Mitteln.

Mathematical modeling of the Cheboksary reservoir using one-dimensional numerical model combined with GIS-technology was used to solve the following practical problems: prediction of water levels during the breakthrough wave passage and at the same time the boundaries of flood zones of settlements; analysis of the situation in the water body at the design and operation of hydraulic structures; development of measures to eliminate emergencies; conservation of water resources from exhaustion and environmental protection. In the calibration, measurements at the hydrological stations for 2001-2012 were used. Using the constructed and calibrated model the analysis of inundation zones as a result of dam break at different NPP at Cheboksary hydroscheme was carried out. Practical value of the work: the obtained research of joint use of GIS technologies and computational hydrodynamic programs allows improving methods of simulation modeling of regulated means.

With the rapid development of big data, three major challenges arise in the field of economics and management. The first challenge is that the traditional correlation-based methods cannot essentially reveal the true philosophy under the economic activities, modelling and inferring the causal relationship is paramount for discovering the essential effect of certain economic and management policies. The second one is that the computational burden becomes extremely high and the estimation accuracy is lost when the data scale is large. The third one is that financial institutions typically hold tens of thousands of assets, making portfolio risk assessment very computationally intensive. This book discusses three advanced topics in modern economics and management: causal inference, financial model computing and decisions, and financial risk management. The first part of the book introduces the counterfactual framework for causal inference in observational studies and defines important causal parameters under both discrete and continuous treatments. The second part focuses on the computations associated with the financial model and its consequent decision making. The third part studies the nested simulation method for portfolio risk measurement and introduces the neural network methodology for market risk forecasting. The goal of this book is to provide cutting-edge methodologies and rigorous theory to solve advanced problems in economics and management, such as program/policy evaluation, efficient computation of econometric models, and financial risk management. This book will be appealing to academic researchers and graduate students. Practitioners may also find this book helpful. This is an open access book.