Manjunath P Puranik

Fumer du tabac pendant la grossesse est associ un certain nombre de complications de la grossesse et une s rie de mauvais r sultats pour le foetus. Un certain nombre d'obstacles l'arr t du tabac sont apparus dans trois domaines: les femmes enceintes, les prestataires de sant et l'organisation. Les obstacles sp cifiques la grossesse comprennent le manque de soutien, le manque de connaissances et de sensibilisation aux m faits du tabagisme. Les obstacles li s aux prestataires de sant (PS) sont le manque de connaissance et de sensibilisation la prescription de TSN, la cr dibilit des PS et, au niveau de l'organisation, la faiblesse des politiques et des cadres organisationnels. Les facteurs qui facilitent l'utilisation des TSN pendant la grossesse sont les relations avec les partenaires, la famille, les amis et les PS, la connaissance et la sensibilisation aux TSN, le cadre organisationnel comme les services de sevrage tabagique (SSS), le contr le du monoxyde de carbone (CO) et des politiques claires. Le traitement de d saccoutumance au tabac doit consister augmenter la motivation arr ter, aider les fumeuses enceintes atteindre l'abstinence et les comportements de substitution sont n cessaires pour une abstinence permanente.

Das Rauchen von Tabak w hrend der Schwangerschaft wird mit einer Reihe von Schwangerschaftskomplikationen und einer Reihe von schlechten f talen Ergebnissen in Verbindung gebracht. Eine Reihe von Barrieren zur Erreichung der Raucherentw hnung wurden aus drei Problembereichen herausgearbeitet: schwangere Frauen, Gesundheitsdienstleister und Organisation. Zu den schwangerschaftsspezifischen Barrieren geh rten fehlende Unterst tzung, mangelndes Wissen und Bewusstsein ber die Sch den des Rauchens. Gesundheitsdienstleister (HPs) bezogene Barrieren sind fehlendes Wissen und Bewusstsein ber die Verschreibung von NRT, Glaubw rdigkeit der HPs und auf Organisationsebene sind schwache Richtlinien und organisatorische Rahmenbedingungen einige der Barrieren. Erleichternde Faktoren f r die Verwendung von Nikotinersatztherapie in der Schwangerschaft sind Beziehungen zu Partnern, Familie, Freunden und HPs, Wissen und Bewusstsein ber Nikotinersatztherapie, organisatorische Rahmenbedingungen wie Raucherentw hnungsdienste (SSSs), Kohlenmonoxid (CO)- berwachung und klare Richtlinien. Die Raucherentw hnungsbehandlung sollte darin bestehen, die Motivation zum Aufh ren zu erh hen, schwangeren Raucherinnen zu helfen, Abstinenz zu erreichen, und Ersatzverhalten ist f r eine dauerhafte Abstinenz notwendig.

Smoking tobacco during pregnancy is associated with a number of pregnancy complications and range of poor foetal outcome. A number of barriers to achieving smoking cessation are emerged from three issue areas: pregnant women, health providers and organization. Pregnancy-specific barriers included lack of support, lack of knowledge and awareness about smoking harms. Health Providers (HPs) related barriers are lack of knowledge and awareness about NRT prescription, Credibility of HPs and at organization level weak polices and organizational frameworks are some of the barriers. Facilitators to NRT use in pregnancy are relationships with partners, family, friends and HPs, knowledge and awareness about NRT, organizational framework like stop smoking-cessation services (SSSs), Carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring and clear policies. Smoking-cessation treatment should consist to increase motivation to quit, help pregnant smokers to achieve abstinence and substitute behaviors are necessary for permanent abstinence.

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a severe and early form of the carious disease that can compromise child's oral and systemic health. Despite significant efforts identification of children at risk for ECC before the onset of cavitation remains challenging. As teeth are bathed in saliva constantly, the constituents and properties of this oral fluid play an essential role in the occurrence and progression of oral diseases including dental caries. Thus, it can be a promising tool in early identification thereby preventing further progression of caries in children. This treatise throw light on the current knowledge and utilisation of salivary biomarkers in terms of its predictive potential for ECC. Some of the promising biomarkers identified include the microbiological species, electrolytes in saliva, antibodies, inflammatory mediators, glucosyltransferase and physical characteristics of saliva. Utilisation of these biomarkers in clinical practice might help the clinicians in improving the oral health status of the child.

Erosive tooth wear, has for many years been a condition of little interest to clinical dental practice or dental public health. As there is a change in lifestyle, the total amount and frequency of consumption of acidic foods and drinks have also changed leading to increase in dental erosion. There are different predisposing factors and aetiologies to this erosive condition. The interplay of chemical, biological and behavioural factors is crucial and helps explain why some individuals exhibit more erosion than others, even if they are exposed to the same acid challenge. Comprehensive medical and dental history and dietary habits and practices, salivary (microtouch, telemetric) and microbial analyses aid in determining the risk factors. The identification of the source of the risk factor directs the clinician towards eliminating the aetiological and predisposing agents. Hence comprehensive knowledge of the different risk factors is a prerequisite to initiate adequate preventive (non-interventive) and, if necessary, therapeutic (interventive) measures. This overview provides insight into risk assessment of dental erosion and suggest appropriate preventive measures in dental practice.