Mansi Sharma

Oral implantology is a specialized field of dentistry that focuses on the restoration of missing teeth through the use of dental implants. This technique offers an effective long-term solution for patients with tooth loss, providing improved function, aesthetics, and stability compared to traditional dentures or bridges. Since its inception in the 1950s, oral implantology has become an essential part of modern dental care. Implantology involves the placement of biocompatible devices, typically titanium into the jawbone, where they osseointegrate with surrounding bone, providing a stable foundation for prosthetic teeth. Over the past few decades, the demand for implants has grown significantly, driven by advances in materials, techniques, and patient expectations. Precision in implant placement is crucial for achieving successful outcomes in oral implantology. In recent eras, the field of oral implantology has witnessed remarkable advancements, particularly with the introduction and evolution of surgical guides. These guides serve as critical tools in the precise placement of dental implants, aiming to enhance the accuracy, predictability, and clinical outcomes of implant procedure.

La maladie des caries de la petite enfance (CPE) est la pr sence d'une ou plusieurs surfaces dentaires cari es (l sions non cavitaires ou cavitaires), manquantes (en raison de caries) ou obtur es sur toute dent primaire d'un enfant g de 71 mois ou moins. Une tude cartographique a r v l une pr valence plus lev e de la carie chez les enfants g s de 3 6 ans, sans diff rence de pr valence associ e au statut conomique des pays ou entre les pays d velopp s et les pays en voie de d veloppement. Une tude syst matique a t men e en 2018 pour d terminer la pr valence des caries de la petite enfance en Inde. Elle a montr que la pr valence globale des caries de la petite enfance en Inde est de 49,6 %, ce qui est lev . L'Andhra Pradesh a la pr valence la plus lev e (63 %) et la plus faible a t signal e au Sikkim (41,92 %). Une tude r alis e en 2021 a indiqu que les surfaces occlusales taient g n ralement touch es (46 %), puis les surfaces proximales (37 %) et les surfaces lisses (16 %), tandis qu'une tude r alis e en 2024 a indiqu que le taux de pr valence des dents individuelles dans la dentition primaire tait de 30,35 % pour l'incisive centrale, de 13,28 % pour l'incisive lat rale, de 37,02 % pour la canine, de 15,41 % pour la premi re molaire et de 3,92 % pour la deuxi me molaire.

La malattia della carie della prima infanzia (ECC) la presenza di 1 o pi superfici dentali cariate (lesioni non cavitate o cavitate), mancanti (a causa della carie) o otturate in qualsiasi dente primario in un bambino di et pari o inferiore a 71 mesi. Una revisione cartografica ha rilevato una maggiore prevalenza di ECC nei bambini di 3-6 anni, senza differenze di prevalenza associate allo stato economico dei Paesi o tra Paesi sviluppati e in via di sviluppo. Nel 2018 stata condotta una revisione sistematica per determinare la prevalenza della carie della prima infanzia in India, da cui emerso che la prevalenza complessiva della CEC in India del 49,6%, un valore elevato. L'Andhra Pradesh ha la prevalenza pi alta, pari al 63%, mentre la pi bassa stata registrata nel Sikkim (41,92%). Uno studio del 2021 ha riportato che la superficie occlusale era comunemente colpita (46%), poi quella prossimale (37%) e la superficie liscia (16%), mentre uno studio condotto nel 2024 ha riportato il tasso di prevalenza dei singoli denti nella dentizione primaria, l'incisivo centrale era del 30,35%, l'incisivo laterale (13,28%), il canino (37,02%), il 1 molare (15,41%) e il 2 molare (3,92%). I restauri, la consulenza nutrizionale, la pratica di una buona igiene dentale e l'uso di farmaci preventivi come i fluoruri topici possono contribuire a fermare la progressione della CEC.

A doen a da c rie precoce da inf ncia (CEC) a presen a de 1 ou mais superf cies dent rias cariadas (les es n o cavitadas ou cavitadas), ausentes (devido a c rie) ou preenchidas em qualquer dente prim rio de uma crian a com 71 meses de idade ou menos. Uma revis o do mapeamento encontrou uma maior preval ncia de CCE nos 3-6 anos de idade, sem diferen as na preval ncia associada ao estatuto econ mico dos pa ses ou entre pa ses desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Em 2018, foi realizada uma revis o sistem tica para determinar a preval ncia de c ries na primeira inf ncia na ndia, que mostrou que a preval ncia geral de CEC na ndia de 49,6%, o que elevado. Andhra Pradesh tem a maior preval ncia, 63%, e a menor foi relatada em Sikkim (41,92%). Um estudo realizado em 2021 referiu que a superf cie oclusal era normalmente afetada (46%), depois a proximal (37%) e a superf cie lisa (16%), ao passo que um estudo realizado em 2024 referiu que a taxa de preval ncia de cada dente na denti o dec dua era de 30,35% para o incisivo central, 13,28% para o incisivo lateral, 37,02% para o canino, 15,41% para o primeiro molar e 3,92% para o segundo molar. As restaura es, o aconselhamento nutricional, a pr tica de uma boa higiene dent ria e a utiliza o de medicamentos preventivos como os fluoretos t picos podem ajudar a travar a progress o do CCE.

Unter fr hkindlicher Karies (ECC) versteht man das Vorhandensein von einer oder mehreren kari sen (nicht kavitierten oder kavitierten L sionen), fehlenden (kariesbedingten) oder gef llten Zahnoberfl chen an einem beliebigen Milchzahn bei einem Kind im Alter von 71 Monaten oder j nger. Ein Mapping-Review ergab eine h here ECC-Pr valenz im Alter von 3 bis 6 Jahren und keine Unterschiede in der Pr valenz im Zusammenhang mit dem wirtschaftlichen Status der L nder oder zwischen entwickelten und Entwicklungsl ndern. 2018 wurde eine systematische bersichtsarbeit durchgef hrt, um die Pr valenz der fr hkindlichen Karies in Indien zu bestimmen, die zeigte, dass die Gesamtpr valenz der ECC in Indien 49,6 % betr gt, was hoch ist. Andhra Pradesh hat mit 63 % die h chste Pr valenz, und die niedrigste wurde aus Sikkim (41,92 %) gemeldet. In einer Studie aus dem Jahr 2021 wurde berichtet, dass die Kaufl chen am h ufigsten betroffen sind (46 %), gefolgt von den Approximalfl chen (37 %) und den glatten Fl chen (16 %), w hrend in einer Studie aus dem Jahr 2024 die Pr valenzrate f r einzelne Z hne im Milchgebiss angegeben wurde: zentraler Schneidezahn (30,35 %), seitlicher Schneidezahn (13,28 %), Eckzahn (37,02 %), erster Molar (15,41 %) und zweiter Molar (3,92 %). Restaurationen, Ern hrungsberatung, gute Zahnhygiene und pr ventive Medikamente wie topische Fluoride k nnen helfen, das Fortschreiten der ECC aufzuhalten.

The disease of early childhood caries (ECC) is the presence of 1 or more decayed (non cavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger. A mapping review found higher ECC prevalence in 3-6 years old, no differences in prevalence associated with countries economic status or between developed and developing countries. A systematic review was conducted in 2018 to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries in India which showed that the overall prevalence of ECC in India is 49.6% which is high. Andhra Pradesh has the highest prevalence at 63%, and the lowest was reported in Sikkim (41.92%). A study in 2021 reported occlusal surface were commonly affected (46%), then proximal (37%), smooth surface (16%) whereas a study conducted in 2024 reported prevalence rate of individual teeth in the primary dentition, central incisor was 30.35%, lateral incisor (13.28%), canine (37.02%), 1st molar (15.41%) and 2nd molar (3.92%). Restorations, nutrition counselling, practicing good dental hygiene, and using preventative medications like topical fluorides can all help stop the progression of the ECC.

This atlas provides ophthalmologists with a collection of images to help with the identification, diagnosis and subsequent treatment of retinal disorders. The images are procured from Eidon scanner technology and also include optical coherence tomography (OCT) pictures to assist with understanding of related pathologies. Divided into nine sections, the book begins with images illustrating the normal fundus. Each of the following sections covers a different retinal disorder including diabetic retinopathy, macula disorders, retinal detachment, ocular tumours and hereditary diseases. Each section features a multitude of images, each with brief descriptive text to assist understanding. The second edition of this illustrative atlas has been fully revised and updated to reflect the latest developments and knowledge in the field. Previous edition (97893895874432) published in 2020.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging test that uses light waves to take cross-sectional pictures of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye (eyeSmart). The technique is recognised worldwide as an essential device for diagnosis, assessment and follow up of retinal diseases and glaucoma. This atlas provides ophthalmologists and trainees with a collection of OCT images to help with the identification, diagnosis and subsequent treatment of common retinal and anterior segment disorders. The images are compiled from the authors’ own collections using Plex Elite and Cirrus 6000 technology. Fundus angiography images assist with the understanding of related pathologies. Divided into two sections, the book begins with images illustrating the normal fundus, then numerous different retinal disorders including diabetic retinopathy, macular disorders, retinal detachment, uveitis and toxicities. Section two covers anterior segment disorders, beginning with images of the normal cornea, then illustrating a range of disorders including corneal dystrophies, ocular surface disorders, keratoconus, glaucoma, and trauma. Each section features a multitude of images, each with brief descriptive text.

Dental implants are widely used and considered as one of the best options by which missing teeth are replaced. They are used successfully to replace single and multiple missing teeth as well as a completely edentulous jaw. The use of dental implants are increasing and dental professionals are more likely to see patients who have implant-supported restorations/prostheses. With all the advancements that have been made so far in the field of implantology, the goal still remains to further simplify the existing procedures, reduce the time, duration of implant therapy for both the patient and the clinician, make the treatment cost effective and improvise the success rate. Efforts to achieve this goal along with a thorough training of the dental professionals to perform as a team and long-term maintenance by the patients surely makes implant the future of dentistry.

Recommends thousands of questions and answers integrating the insight of exhaustive principles of surgery in the most simplest and effortless way. This book solves the problems whilst answering questions like: What to write? What not to write? How much to write? What to write first? How to end answer? And when to use flowcharts?