Manvi Chandra Agarwal

I neutrofili sono i leucociti pi abbondanti nel sangue e sono considerati la prima linea di difesa durante le infiammazioni e le infezioni. I neutrofili sono fagociti antimicrobici di derivazione mieloide. Il leucocita polimorfonucleare la cellula fagocitaria pi importante nella difesa dell'ospite contro le infezioni batteriche acute. Durante l'invasione batterica, i microrganismi evocano una risposta infiammatoria che recluta i neutrofili dalla circolazione ai tessuti. I neutrofili distruggono quindi i microrganismi attraverso una serie di meccanismi, principalmente la fagocitosi, il rilascio di sostanze antimicrobiche e la formazione di trappole extracellulari neutrofile (NET). I neutrofili attivati rilasciano anche proteinasi nel tessuto circostante, causando danni all'ospite. I neutrofili sono granulociti che formano una componente essenziale del sistema innato cellulare coinvolto nell'uccisione di batteri e funghi. Svolgono un ruolo critico nella difesa dell'ospite fagocitando e digerendo i microrganismi e l'attivazione inappropriata dei neutrofili pu provocare danni ai normali tessuti dell'ospite.

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory diseases in which microbial etiologic factors induce a series of host responses that mediate inflammatory events. In susceptible individuals, dysregulation of inflammatory and immune pathways leads to chronic inflammation, tissue destruction and disease. Physiologic inflammation is a well orchestrated network of cells, mediators and tissues. It is very important to consider the inflammatory / immune response as a whole, rather than many different modules working separately. As disease appears to be the result of loss of regulation and a failure to return to homeostasis, it is important to achieve a more complete understanding of the molecular and cellular events in this complex system. The paradigm shift in our understanding of inflammatory disease, such as periodontitis, is that resolution of inflammation is an active, rather than a passive, process that activates specific biochemical programs of resolution. It is increasingly evident that future care of periodontal infections and periodontal surgical patients will rely on clinicians having a detailed map and molecular appreciation of the resolution programs for inflammation and tissue injury.

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in blood and are considered to be the first line of defence during inflammation and infections. Neutrophils, are myeloid-derived, antimicrobial phagocytes. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte is the most important phagocytic cell in the defence of the host against acute bacterial infection. During bacterial invasion, microorganisms evoke an inflammatory response that recruits neutrophils from the circulation into the tissues. Therefore, neutrophils destroy the microorganisms by a series of mechanisms, mainly phagocytosis, release of antimicrobial substances, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Activated neutrophils also release proteinases into the surrounding tissue, causing damage to the host. Neutrophils are granulocyte which form essential component of the cellular innate system involved in killing bacteria and fungi. They play critical role in host defence by phagocytizing and digesting microorganisms and inappropriate activation of neutrophils may result in damage to normal host tissue.