Michael Kraus

Examining the key challenges confronting Russia and Eastern Europe, this multidisciplinary volume considers the constitutional, political, economic, security, and national identity issues facing these post-communist societies. Drawing upon both theory and case studies informed by newly available primary sources, leading U. S. and Russian specialists

The conference on "Russia and East Europe in Transition," held at Middlebury College in May 1994 under the auspices of the Center for Russian and East European Studies, provided the impetus for this volume. The two-day gathering was made possible by a Title VI grant from the U. S. Department of Education and the Jessica Swift Endowed Lecture Fund of Middlebury College, for which we are most grateful. Apart from the contributors to this volume, the conference participants included: George Bellerose, Raymond E. Benson, Valery Chalidze, Michael Claudon, David Colander, Guntram H. Herb, Lars Lib, Tamar Mayer, Noah M. J. Pickus, Sunder Ramaswamy, David A. Rosenberg, and Mitchell Smith. Acting as discussants, panel chairs, or interested participants, their efforts, individually and collectively, have made this a better book and their contribution to this project is gratefully acknowledged.

'I spent a year in the Terezin ghetto, but as bad as it was, it cannot be compared to a single month in Auschwitz or Mauthausen. Rather than taking time to describe Terezin, I will only briefly record the most important events, because I am writing this during a period in my life when time matters and I would rather describe in greater detail my experiences in the concentration camps.' Twelve-year-old Michael Kraus began keeping a diary while he was still living at home in the Czech city of Nachod but continued writing while a prisoner at Theresienstadt (Terezin). When he was shipped with other prisoners to the death camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau, all of his writings were confiscated and destroyed. After his liberation and while convalescing, he began to draw and make notes again about his experiences in Theresienstadt, in Auschwitz, the first death march out of Mauthausen and its satellite camps in Melk and Gunskirchen. As a teenager confronting the traumas of these experiences, Kraus found that recording his memories in words and pictures helped him overcome his hatred for those who had murdered his parents. The process of writing and drawing also helped him begin the painful transition to a so-called normal life. As a survivor, Kraus also felt the need to recount his experiences for the benefit of future generations, especially on behalf of the many who did not survive. The present edition makes this memoir, originally written in Czech and significant for having been written so close to the author's liberation, widely available to English readers for the first time. It also reproduces pages from the original booklets that show how the teenage Kraus illustrated his memories with pencil drawings that both complement and extend his story, giving readers a sense of its character as an unusual and important historical document.

Das Leben im Heim ist geruhsam. Die Tage pl tschern dahin, ohne gro e Aufregungen, der abendliche Fernsehfilm ist der H hepunkt des Tages ... Doch pl tzlich taucht Frank auf, ein junger Zivildiener, der sich bei ihnen ein leichteres Leben erhofft als in Kasernen und auf Truppen bungspl tzen. Seine Hoffnungen zerplatzen bereits beim Eintreten: Harte Arbeit erwartet ihn, und eine psychische Beanspruchung, die seine Grenzen zu bertreten scheint.

""The Atlantic Civilization: Eighteenth Century Origins"" written by Michael Kraus is a comprehensive exploration of the origins of the Atlantic civilization during the 18th century. The book delves into the political, economic, and cultural factors that contributed to the development of this civilization, which was characterized by the exchange of ideas, goods, and people across the Atlantic Ocean. Kraus examines the role of European powers such as Great Britain, France, and Spain in the colonization of the Americas and the establishment of trade networks that linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas. He also discusses the impact of the Enlightenment on the Atlantic civilization, as well as the influence of slavery and the slave trade on the economy and society of the Americas. The book is organized thematically, with each chapter focusing on a different aspect of the Atlantic civilization. Kraus draws on a wide range of primary and secondary sources to provide a nuanced and detailed analysis of this complex and fascinating period in history. Overall, ""The Atlantic Civilization: Eighteenth Century Origins"" is an essential read for anyone interested in the history of the Atlantic world and the forces that shaped it. It offers a fresh perspective on the origins of modernity and globalization, and provides valuable insights into the ways in which different cultures and societies interacted and shaped one another during this time period. This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich P dagogik - Allgemein, Note: 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit t Erlangen-N rnberg (Institut f r P dagogik), Veranstaltung: Gerechtigkeit und Verantwortung, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: "Wenn das Wohlergehen der Menschen vom Verhalten anderer Menschen beeinflusst wird, betreten wir den Bereich der Moral." (Oser und Althof, 1992. S. 11.) Die Schlagworte der Moral und der Gerechtigkeit sind aus dem t glichen Sprachgebrauch nicht mehr wegzudenken. Sei es in der politischen Diskussion, in der Berichterstattung der Medien oder im privaten Bereich. Doch wie entwickeln sich beim einzelnen Menschen eigentlich Vorstellungen von Moral - und damit die F higkeit zum moralischen Urteilen und Handeln - und in welchem Verh ltnis steht die Gerechtigkeit dazu? Der amerikanische Psychologe Lawrence Kohlberg versucht, dieser Frage in seiner Theorie zur Entwicklung der zunehmenden Gerechtigkeit des moralischen Urteilens auf den Grund zu gehen. In Anlehnung an Immanuel Kant stellt Kohlbergs Theorie der Entwicklung des moralischen Urteils die Gerechtigkeitsaspekte von Moral ins Zentrum seiner Untersuchungen. Die Entwicklung dieses Standpunktes stellt Kohlberg wie folgt dar: "Das Forschungsprogramm ...] hat sich von einer Begrenzung der Untersuchung der Moralit t auf die Untersuchung der Moralentwicklung bewegt, von dort erfolgte eine Beschr nkung auf die Untersuchung des moralischen Urteilens (und seines Zusammenhangs mit dem Handeln) und schlie lich auf die Form oder kognitiv-strukturelle Stufe des Moralurteils, wie sie in Gerechtigkeitsurteilen verk rpert ist." (Kohlberg, zitiert nach Oser und Althof, 1992. S. 47f). So bildet das moralische Urteilen in Bezug auf Gerechtigkeitsfragen f r Kohlberg den Kern der Moral. Die Entwicklung der moralischen Urteilsf higkeit erkl rt er in einem sechs Stufen Modell, welches in dieser Arbeit dargestellt werden soll. Dazu werden zun chst einige Einfl sse, die seiner Theorie zugrunde liegen vorgestellt,

Structured Biological Modelling presents a straightforward introduction for computer-aided analysis, mathematical modelling, and simulation of cell biological systems. This unique guide brings together the physiological, structural, molecular biological, and theoretical aspects of the signal transduction network that regulates growth and proliferation in normal and tumor cells. It provides comprehensive survey of functional and theoretical features of intracellular signal processing and introduces the concept of cellular self-organization. Exemplified by oscillatory calcium waves, strategies for the design of computer experiments are presented that can assist or even substitute for time-consuming biological experiments. The presented minimal model for proliferation-associated signal transduction clearly shows the alterations of the cellular signal network involved in neoplastic growth. This book will be useful to cell and molecular biologists, oncologists, physiologists, theoretical biologists, computer scientists, and all other researchers and students studying functional aspects of cellular signaling.

Events which become historical, says Michael Kraus, do not live on because of their mere occurrence. They survive when writers re-create them and thus preserve for posterity their otherwise fleeting existence. Paul Revere's ride, for example, might well have vanished from the records had not Longfellow snatched it from approaching oblivion and given it a dramatic spot in American history. Now Revere rides on in spirited passages in our history books. In this way the recorder of events becomes almost as important as the events themselves. In other words, historiography - the study of historians and their particular contributions to the body of historical records-must not be ignored by those who seriously wish to understand the past. When the first edition of Michael Kraus's Writing of American History was published, a reviewer for the New York Herald Tribune wrote: ""No serious study of our national origins and development can afford not to have such an aid as this at his elbow."" The book quickly came to be regarded as one of the few truly standard general surveys of American historiography, invaluable as a reference book, as a textbook, and as a highly readable source of information for the interested general reader. This new edition with coauthor Davis D. Joyce confirms its position as the definitive work in the field. Concise yet comprehensive, here is an analysis of the writers and writings of American history from the Norse voyages to modern times. The book has its roots in Kraus's pioneering History of American History, published in 1937, a unique and successful attempt to cover in one volume the entire sweep of American historical activity. Kraus revised and updated the book in 1953, when it was published under the present title. Now, once again, the demand for its revision has been met. Davis D. Joyce, with the full cooperation and approval of Kraus, has thoroughly revised and brought up to date the text of the 1953 edition. The clarity and evenhandedness of Kraus's text has been carefully preserved. The last three chapters add entirely new material, surveying the massive and complex body of American historical writing since World War II: ""Consensus: American Historical Writing in the 1950s,"" ""Conflict: American Historical Writing in the 1960s,"" and ""Complexity: American Historical Writing in the 1970s-and Beyond.""