Muhammad Ashraf

This book presents principles of animal biodiversity, its importance, sustainable utilization, and conservation. The introductory chapter explores the origins and evolution of biodiversity throughout time, shedding light on the remarkable developments that have taken place over the ages. The subsequent chapters of the book reveal the tools and techniques used to assess the status of biodiversity at any given stage. The book meticulously details the indicators and measurement methods employed to gauge the health and vitality of biodiversity. Furthermore, it elucidates the vital role biodiversity plays in serving humanity and underscores the dire consequences that may ensue if we fail to preserve it. It also introduces the nomenclature of species and explores their intricate phylogenetic relationships with both living and non-living entities. The spatial and temporal distribution of animals, unraveling the fascinating patterns and dynamics that govern their presence across the globe, is also discussed in the book. Additionally, the book unveils a repertoire of conservation methods aimed at preserving existing biodiversity and ensuring its sustainable future. Toward the end, the book offers valuable suggestions and highlights untapped avenues for future research, all geared toward safeguarding the current level of biodiversity and ensuring its prosperity in the years to come. This book is a valuable source for students and professionals in the fields of biology, ecology, and conservation biology.

This book discusses the biology, breeding, care, and management of camels, with a focus on camels from Pakistan. The book provides a sound understanding of how to look after camels, their senses, behavior, and adaptations. The chapters describe the practical aspects of camel husbandry such as how to maintain their body condition, feet, and cleanliness. It covers the types of feeds, feeding methods, and their needs at different stages of life. The book provides a detailed account of camel husbandry, breeding, and reproduction. It is meant for camel breeders, veterinarians, livestock advisers, students, and researchers working on animal sciences, camel rearing, feeding, and management. FEATURESIncludes information about different species of camels present in Pakistan and their importance to humansDiscusses the nutrition and feeding of camels, the medicinal qualities of camel milk, and the peculiar immunity-enhancing properties of their nutritious meatDescribes the features of camels that help them survive and thrive in deserts and make them the animals of the futureCovers the range of unique products obtained from camels and their economic valueExplores the management, types of diseases in camels, causes of their spread, their control, and therapeutic measures for successful and productive farming

Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) are highly vulnerable to security attacks due to their reliance on wireless communication. Sensor nodes in WSNs are tiny in size and are supplied with limited energy resources and processing capabilities. These energy and hardware-resource-constrained nodes, without suitable safeguards, may be compromised by adversaries. Several en-route filtering schemes have been proposed to filter out false data en-route. However, almost all such schemes presuppose a conventional underlying routing protocol without regard to the attack status and energy dissipation behavior along the path. This book presents fuzzy-based adaptive selection of the intermediate verification nodes and data forwarding paths with dynamic authentication key dissemination to achieve better energy saving. Fuzzy rule-based scheme potentially balances the load between data forwarding paths, chooses the most suitable path for data forwarding, and generates fresh authentication keys and shares with the intermediate verification nodes. Genetic algorithm-based optimization technique automatically optimizes the membership functions in the fuzzy system.

The First Book of Islam: Prophets, Angels and Moral Teachings is a comprehensive guide to the fundamental beliefs and practices of Islam. Written by Muhammad Ashraf, this book provides a detailed account of the Islamic faith, including the history of the religion, the importance of the Prophet Muhammad, the role of angels in Islamic theology, and the moral teachings that guide the behavior of Muslims. The book is divided into three parts. The first part provides an overview of the Islamic faith, including the history of Islam, the life of the Prophet Muhammad, and the basic beliefs and practices of the religion. The second part focuses on the role of angels in Islamic theology, including their nature, purpose, and relationship to humans. The third part examines the moral teachings of Islam, including the importance of prayer, charity, and good deeds, as well as the principles of justice, compassion, and mercy. Throughout the book, Ashraf draws on a wide range of Islamic sources, including the Quran, Hadith, and the writings of Islamic scholars and thinkers. He also provides numerous examples and anecdotes to illustrate key concepts and teachings, making the book accessible and engaging for readers of all levels of knowledge and experience. Overall, The First Book of Islam: Prophets, Angels and Moral Teachings is an essential resource for anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of the Islamic faith and its teachings. Lessons In Islam Series, Book 1. This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.