Muhammad Zeeshan

As economias mundiais mudaram drasticamente ao longo do s culo e, com o advento da sofistica o tecnol gica, obtiveram ganhos enormes em termos de n vel de vida. O crescimento pr -pobres um termo usado principalmente para pol ticas nacionais destinadas a estimular o crescimento econ mico em benef cio das pessoas pobres (principalmente no sentido econ mico da pobreza). O crescimento pr -pobres pode ser definido como absoluto, em que os pobres beneficiam do crescimento geral da economia, ou relativo, que se refere a esfor os direcionados para aumentar o crescimento espec fico.

W ciągu ostatniego stulecia gospodarki światowe ulegly radykalnym zmianom, a wraz z pojawieniem się zaawansowanych technologii osiągnęly ogromny wzrost poziomu życia. Wzrost sprzyjający ubogim to termin używany przede wszystkim w odniesieniu do polityki krajowej mającej na celu stymulowanie wzrostu gospodarczego z korzyścią dla os b ubogich (gl wnie w sensie ekonomicznym). Wzrost sprzyjający ubogim można zdefiniowac jako bezwzględny, w kt rym ubodzy odnoszą korzyści z og lnego wzrostu gospodarczego, lub względny, kt ry odnosi się do ukierunkowanych dzialań mających na celu zwiększenie wzrostu w określonych obszarach.

Les conomies mondiales ont connu des changements spectaculaires au cours du si cle dernier et, gr ce aux progr s technologiques, elles ont enregistr des gains consid rables en termes de niveau de vie. La croissance favorable aux pauvres est un terme utilis principalement pour d signer les politiques nationales visant stimuler la croissance conomique au profit des personnes pauvres (principalement au sens conomique du terme). La croissance favorable aux pauvres peut tre d finie comme absolue, lorsque les pauvres b n ficient de la croissance globale de l' conomie, ou relative, lorsqu'il s'agit d'efforts cibl s visant accro tre la croissance sp cifique.

Die Weltwirtschaft hat sich im Laufe des Jahrhunderts dramatisch ver ndert, und mit dem Aufkommen technologischer Raffinessen haben diese Volkswirtschaften enorme Gewinne in Bezug auf den Lebensstandard erzielt. Pro-poor growth (Wachstum zugunsten der Armen) ist ein Begriff, der in erster Linie f r nationale Ma nahmen zur F rderung des Wirtschaftswachstums zum Nutzen armer Menschen (vor allem im wirtschaftlichen Sinne von Armut) verwendet wird. Pro-poor growth kann als absolut definiert werden, wobei die Armen vom allgemeinen Wirtschaftswachstum profitieren, oder als relativ, wobei gezielte Ma nahmen zur Steigerung des spezifischen Wachstums gemeint sind.

This purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between industrial development and poverty reduction in case of Pakistan. The data is taken from 1975 to 2010. It takes the hypothesis that industrial development will decrease poverty through increased employment and rise in the per capita income. All the variables used in the model are stationary at 1st difference. I have employed ARDL approach to Co-integration to find relationship between industrial development and poverty reduction. The approach and findings of the study are compared with that of regional and East Asian countries, which have developed through industrialization. The t-values for LINDG is highest among the independent variables, which means growth in industry can reduce the poverty to greater extent. The population growth of Pakistan is quite high, by increasing the literacy rate; we can make the labor skilled, increasing human capital, that will lead to more jobs and earning opportunities, reducing poverty.

Dedicated to our families, colleagues and teachers who enabled us to complete this research work. Development of underwater SONAR system as well as its supporting system is a key area of research for defense, naval engineering and ocean surveys engineering especially when in use in rough sea conditions. This work is further being worked out and it is expected that new findings would be available in the coming years.