Mungo Park

Mungo Park lähti toukokuussa 1795 Englannista kohti Gambiaa selvittääkseen Nigerin ja Timbuktun salaisuudet, jotka olivat kiehtoneet eurooppalaisia jo vuosisatojen ajan. Kaikki hänen edeltäjänsä olivat epäonnistuneet, eikä ollut mitään erityistä syytä olettaa, että vasta 23-vuotias skotti olisi yhtään heitä onnekkaampi. Mungo Park kuitenkin onnistui tehtävässään, vaikka hän ei saavuttanut kaikkia tavoitteitaan. Hänen kuvauksensa matkastaan Nigerille ja takaisin on eurooppalaisen matkakirjallisuuden klassikko, joka on säilyttänyt suosionsa ja inspiroi yhä seikkailijoita toistamaan hänen kokemuksensa. Mungo Parkin matka ei ollut helppo mutta teoksen suosio ei perustu sen seikkailullisiin elementteihin: kirjoittaja ei teurasta läjäpäin villipetoja, eikä taistele verenhimoisten kannibaalien kanssa, saati kamppaile armottomia luonnonvoimia vastaan. Päinvastoin: Mungo Park tarjoaa lukijalleen hyvin sympaattisen kuvan Afrikasta, jonka asukkaat ovat erilaisesta ulkonäöstään ja tavoistaan huolimatta aivan samanlaisia ihmisiä kuin eurooppalaiset; eksotisoimatta tai estetisoimatta heitä. Valistuksen sankarina Mungo Park uskoi ihmiskunnan ykseyteen: “Mitä tahansa eroja meillä onkaan nenän muodon tai ihon värin suhteen, inhimilliset tunteemme ja ominaisuutemme ovat yhteneviä.” Eikä hänen viestinsä ole lainkaan vanhentunut kuluneen 222 vuoden aikana. Tämä teos sisältää suomennettuna Mungo Parkin kertomuksen ensimmäisestä tutkimusmatkastaan sekä toisen matkan päiväkirjan ja muita dokumentteja, jotka syventävät hänen henkilökuvaansa ja jälkimainettaan. Teos on varustettu runsain selityksin, jotka avaavat lukijalle hänen havaintojaan sekä auttavat ymmärtämään hänen mielipiteitään oman aikansa yhteydessä. Mukana on myös henkilöhistoriallinen johdanto.

... war is certainly the most general and most productive source of slavery; and the desolations of war often produce famine, in which case a freeman becomes a slave, to avoid a greater calamity. -Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa, Mungo Park (1799) On May 22, 1795, Scottish explorer Mungo Park left England for Gambia, where he spent nearly two years travelling from the mouth of the Gambia River to Silla in current Mali. During this period, Park was robbed several times, captured by Moors, fell ill, and barely survived. He wrote Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa-Performed in the years 1795, 1796 & 1797, with an Account of a Subsequent Mission to that Country in 1805, in which he theorized the Niger and Congo merged to become the same river. This travel classic was a contemporary bestseller with long-lasting influence on readers and great writers such as Joseph Conrad, Ernest Hemingway, William Wordsworth, and Herman Melville. In 1805, Park departed for a second expedition, during which he was killed after having successfully traveled about two-thirds of the way down the Niger. Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa is a must-read for anyone interested in travel literature and the history of West Africa.

Travels In The Interior Of Africa (Complete): Edited By Henry Morley (Complete Edition Of Two Volumes) This book is a result of an effort made by us towards making a contribution to the preservation and repair of original classic literature. In an attempt to preserve, improve and recreate the original content, we have worked towards: 1. Type-setting & Reformatting: The complete work has been re-designed via professional layout, formatting and type-setting tools to re-create the same edition with rich typography, graphics, high quality images, and table elements, giving our readers the feel of holding a 'fresh and newly' reprinted and/or revised edition, as opposed to other scanned & printed (Optical Character Recognition - OCR) reproductions. 2. Correction of imperfections: As the work was re-created from the scratch, therefore, it was vetted to rectify certain conventional norms with regard to typographical mistakes, hyphenations, punctuations, blurred images, missing content/pages, and/or other related subject matters, upon our consideration. Every attempt was made to rectify the imperfections related to omitted constructs in the original edition via other references. However, a few of such imperfections which could not be rectified due to intentional\unintentional omission of content in the original edition, were inherited and preserved from the original work to maintain the authenticity and construct, relevant to the work. We believe that this work holds historical, cultural and/or intellectual importance in the literary works community, therefore despite the oddities, we accounted the work for print as a part of our continuing effort towards preservation of literary work and our contribution towards the development of the society as a whole, driven by our beliefs. We are grateful to our readers for putting their faith in us and accepting our imperfections with regard to preservation of the historical content. HAPPY READING

Travels In The Interior Of Africa (Volume II): Edited By Henry Morley (In Two Volumes - Vol. II.) This book is a result of an effort made by us towards making a contribution to the preservation and repair of original classic literature. In an attempt to preserve, improve and recreate the original content, we have worked towards: 1. Type-setting & Reformatting: The complete work has been re-designed via professional layout, formatting and type-setting tools to re-create the same edition with rich typography, graphics, high quality images, and table elements, giving our readers the feel of holding a 'fresh and newly' reprinted and/or revised edition, as opposed to other scanned & printed (Optical Character Recognition - OCR) reproductions. 2. Correction of imperfections: As the work was re-created from the scratch, therefore, it was vetted to rectify certain conventional norms with regard to typographical mistakes, hyphenations, punctuations, blurred images, missing content/pages, and/or other related subject matters, upon our consideration. Every attempt was made to rectify the imperfections related to omitted constructs in the original edition via other references. However, a few of such imperfections which could not be rectified due to intentional\unintentional omission of content in the original edition, were inherited and preserved from the original work to maintain the authenticity and construct, relevant to the work. We believe that this work holds historical, cultural and/or intellectual importance in the literary works community, therefore despite the oddities, we accounted the work for print as a part of our continuing effort towards preservation of literary work and our contribution towards the development of the society as a whole, driven by our beliefs. We are grateful to our readers for putting their faith in us and accepting our imperfections with regard to preservation of the historical content. HAPPY READING

Travels In The Interior Of Africa (Volume I): Edited By Henry Morley (In Two Volumes - Vol. I.) This book is a result of an effort made by us towards making a contribution to the preservation and repair of original classic literature. In an attempt to preserve, improve and recreate the original content, we have worked towards: 1. Type-setting & Reformatting: The complete work has been re-designed via professional layout, formatting and type-setting tools to re-create the same edition with rich typography, graphics, high quality images, and table elements, giving our readers the feel of holding a 'fresh and newly' reprinted and/or revised edition, as opposed to other scanned & printed (Optical Character Recognition - OCR) reproductions. 2. Correction of imperfections: As the work was re-created from the scratch, therefore, it was vetted to rectify certain conventional norms with regard to typographical mistakes, hyphenations, punctuations, blurred images, missing content/pages, and/or other related subject matters, upon our consideration. Every attempt was made to rectify the imperfections related to omitted constructs in the original edition via other references. However, a few of such imperfections which could not be rectified due to intentional\unintentional omission of content in the original edition, were inherited and preserved from the original work to maintain the authenticity and construct, relevant to the work. We believe that this work holds historical, cultural and/or intellectual importance in the literary works community, therefore despite the oddities, we accounted the work for print as a part of our continuing effort towards preservation of literary work and our contribution towards the development of the society as a whole, driven by our beliefs. We are grateful to our readers for putting their faith in us and accepting our imperfections with regard to preservation of the historical content. HAPPY READING

First published in 1799, Travels in the Interior of Africa is teh Scottish explorer Mungo Park's account of his journey through Senegal and Mali to the central portion of the Niger River, the first time a Westerner is known to have reached such central regions. With the backing of Sir Joseph Banks, Park was employed (for 11 a month) to journey solo though unknown lands to seek out the legendary city of "Tambuctoo" and try and ascertain the course of, and if possible, termination point of the river Niger. Park's kit which greeted him upon arrival on the Gold coast was basic to say the least: two shotguns, two compasses, a sextant, a thermometer, a small medicine chest, a wide-brimmed hat, an umbrella and, bizarrely, a blue dress coat with brass buttons (four of which he'd later gift to a native woman for her kindness to him) and a silver-topped cane. 100 miles up the Gambia river, at an English outpost, Park spent 5 months preparing for the journey - which included learning the local language of Mandingo, and succumbing to a month-long bout of malarial fever (which probably ended up saving him later on).

The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own: digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries, undergraduate students, and independent scholars. The eighteenth-century fascination with Greek and Roman antiquity followed the systematic excavation of the ruins at Pompeii and Herculaneum in southern Italy; and after 1750 a neoclassical style dominated all artistic fields. The titles here trace developments in mostly English-language works on painting, sculpture, architecture, music, theater, and other disciplines. Instructional works on musical instruments, catalogs of art objects, comic operas, and more are also included. ++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++Countway Library of MedicineN013687With a half-title and a list of subscribers. The 'Appendix' has separate titlepage, pagination, and register. London: printed by W. Bulmer and Co. for the author; and sold by G. and W. Nicol, 1799. xxviii,363, 8],366-372;xciip., plates: maps, music, port.; 4

The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own: digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries, undergraduate students, and independent scholars. Delve into what it was like to live during the eighteenth century by reading the first-hand accounts of everyday people, including city dwellers and farmers, businessmen and bankers, artisans and merchants, artists and their patrons, politicians and their constituents. Original texts make the American, French, and Industrial revolutions vividly contemporary.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++National Library of ScotlandW028162Map engraved by John Scoles. "A vocabulary of the Mandingo language."--p. 1]-6, last count. "Appendix. Geographical illustrations of Mr. Park's journey: by Major Rennell."--p. 7]-86, last count. New-York: Printed and sold by J. Tiebout, no. 246, Water-Street, 1800. vii, 2],10-354, 2],86, 2]p., 1]folded leaf of plates: 1 map; 8

The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own: digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries, undergraduate students, and independent scholars. Delve into what it was like to live during the eighteenth century by reading the first-hand accounts of everyday people, including city dwellers and farmers, businessmen and bankers, artisans and merchants, artists and their patrons, politicians and their constituents. Original texts make the American, French, and Industrial revolutions vividly contemporary.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++National Library of ScotlandW028342Map engraved by Benjamin Tanner. Error in paging: p. 368 misnumbered 367. "Subscribers names."--p. ix]-xv. "A vocabulary of the Mandingo language."--p. 407]-411. "Appendix. Geographical illustrations of Mr. Park's journey: by Major Rennell."--p. 413]-484. Philadelphia: Printed from the London quarto edition by James Humphreys: and sold by him, at no. 106, south side of Market-Street, 1800. xxi, 2], 24-484 p., 1] folded leaf of plates: 1 map; 8

The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own: digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries, undergraduate students, and independent scholars. Delve into what it was like to live during the eighteenth century by reading the first-hand accounts of everyday people, including city dwellers and farmers, businessmen and bankers, artisans and merchants, artists and their patrons, politicians and their constituents. Original texts make the American, French, and Industrial revolutions vividly contemporary.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++Countway Library of MedicineN013832With a half-title and two final advertisement leaves. London: printed by J. W. Myers; for Crosby and Letterman, 1799. xvi,218, 4]p., plate; 8

The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own: digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries, undergraduate students, and independent scholars. Rich in titles on English life and social history, this collection spans the world as it was known to eighteenth-century historians and explorers. Titles include a wealth of travel accounts and diaries, histories of nations from throughout the world, and maps and charts of a world that was still being discovered. Students of the War of American Independence will find fascinating accounts from the British side of conflict. ++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++Harvard University Houghton LibraryN013836With a half-title and a list of subscribers. The 'Appendix' has a divisional titlepage with separate pagination and register. The postscript, followed by two leaves of engraved music, is bound in various places in different copies. - RPI refers to MH-H copyLondon: printed by W. Bulmer and Co. for the author; and sold by G. and W. Nicol, 1799. xxviii,372, 2];xciip., plates: maps, music, port.; 4

Mungo Park (11 September 1771 - 1806) was a Scottish explorer of West Africa. He was the first Westerner known to have travelled to the central portion of the Niger River, and his account of his travels is still in print. This book has been deemed as a classic and has stood the test of time. The book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations.

Mungo Park (11 September 1771 - 1806) was a Scottish explorer of West Africa. He was the first Westerner known to have travelled to the central portion of the Niger River, and his account of his travels is still in print. This book has been deemed as a classic and has stood the test of time. The book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations.

Mungo Park (11 September 1771 - 1806) was a Scottish explorer of West Africa. He was the first Westerner known to have travelled to the central portion of the Niger River, and his account of his travels is still in print. This book has been deemed as a classic and has stood the test of time. The book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations.

Mungo Park (11 September 1771 - 1806) was a Scottish explorer of West Africa. He was the first Westerner known to have travelled to the central portion of the Niger River, and his account of his travels is still in print. This book has been deemed as a classic and has stood the test of time. The book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations.