N M Kachhadiya

Der entomopathogene Pilz Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson ist ein wichtiger nat rlicher Mortalit tsfaktor f r viele Lepidoptera-Sch dlinge in einer Vielzahl von Pflanzen kosystemen. In Anbetracht der Wirksamkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit wurde N. rileyi @ 1,25 kg/ha in Kombination mit Methomyl 0,025 % oder Novaluron 0,004 % oder Spinosad 0,0045 % oder Indoxacarb 0,0015 % als wirksam und wirtschaftlich befunden und kann f r ein umweltfreundliches Management von S. litura in Erdnuss- kosystemen empfohlen werden, wenn sie zweimal angewendet wurden, zuerst bei 50 % Bl te und dann bei 50 % Schotenbildung. Die Ergebnisse der Bioassays im Labor best tigten die Ergebnisse der Wirksamkeit von N. rileyi allein und seiner Kombination mit Insektiziden gegen S. litura im Feld. Die Kompatibilit tsstudien von Insektiziden mit N. rileyi ergaben, dass Spinosad (0,009 %), Endosulfan (0,07 %), Novaluron (0,008 %) und Quinalphos (0,05 %) am besten mit N . rileyi vertr glich waren.

Onion is a very important vegetable. It is also very important for health. Generally Chemical fertilizers & pesticides are used to cultivate onions. Residues of those pesticides prove to be harmful to health in the long run. But this book shows how to cultivate the onion naturally with organics like Panchagavya, Jivamrut, Cow urine, Seaweed extract, Banana sap, Vermiwash, Enriched vermicompost, Vermi compost and FYM. Eat well and stay healthy.

Entomopathogenic fungi, Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson is an important natural mortality factor of many Lepidopteran pests on variety of crop ecosystem. Considering the effectiveness and economics N. rileyi @ 1.25 kg/ha combined with methomyl 0.025 per cent or novaluron 0.004 per cent or spinosad 0.0045 per cent or indoxacarb 0.0015 per cent was found as effective and economical and can be recommended for eco-friendly management of S. litura in groundnut ecosystem, when they were applied twice first at 50 per cent flowering and second at 50 per cent pod formation. The results of laboratory bioassays confirmed the results of field efficacy of N. rileyi alone and its combination with insecticides against S. litura. N. rileyi @ 2.5 g/litre proved to be the most effective dose among nine doses tested against 3rd instar larvae of S. litura under laboratory condition. Compatibility studies of insecticides with N. rileyi resulted that spinosad 0.009 per cent, endosulfan 0.07 per cent, novaluron 0.008 per cent and quinalphos 0.05 per cent were found most compatible with N. rileyi.

This book having importance for the students and researcher who are interested to work on Entomopathogenic nematodes. The investigations on mass production, artificial diet and bio-efficacy of entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis indica against white grub Holotrichia consanguinea (Blanchard), S. litura and H. armigera was undertaken at Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during 2014-15. The content highlights Mass production of entomopathogenic nematode, H. indica on white grub H. consanguinea as well as on artificial diet. Bio-efficacy of H. indica against groundnut white grub H. consanguinea, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius).