Nagnath Mane

La zucca spinale (Momordica dioica Roxb.) una coltura vegetale diocea, perenne, importante dal punto di vista medico ed economico e poco sfruttata. Appartiene alla famiglia delle Cucurbitaceae con numero di cromosomi (2n = 28), sotto il genere Momordica. Le zucche spinose non sono state oggetto di un lavoro di ricerca sistemica per comprenderne l'architettura genetica e avviare un programma di miglioramento. D'altra parte, per mancanza di informazioni sulla variabilit genetica, la coltura non stata sfruttata al massimo e per questo motivo non si sono ottenuti miglioramenti apprezzabili in termini di resa e qualit . La stima dei parametri genetici necessaria per comprendere l'architettura genetica della resa e delle componenti che contribuiscono alla resa. Il successo di qualsiasi programma di selezione dipende dalla quantit di variabilit genetica da sfruttare, dal coefficiente di variazione genetica, dalle stime di ereditabilit , dall'anticipo genetico e dalle correlazioni tra i diversi caratteri e la resa dei frutti. necessario migliorare il potenziale di resa della coltura e renderla pi accettabile per la popolazione indigena.

Der Stachelk rbis (Momordica dioica Roxb.) ist eine medizinisch und wirtschaftlich wichtige zweih usige, mehrj hrige und wenig genutzte Gem sepflanze. Er geh rt zur Familie der K rbisgew chse (Cucurbitaceae) mit der Chromosomenzahl (2n = 28) und der Gattung Momordica. Der Stachelk rbis wurde bisher nicht systematisch erforscht, um die genetische Struktur zu verstehen und ein Verbesserungsprogramm zu entwickeln. Andererseits wurde die Kultur mangels Informationen ber die genetische Variabilit t nicht in vollem Umfang genutzt, so dass keine nennenswerten Verbesserungen in Bezug auf Ertrag und Qualit t erzielt werden konnten. Die Sch tzung der genetischen Parameter ist notwendig, um die genetische Struktur der Ertr ge und der ertragsrelevanten Komponenten zu verstehen. Der Erfolg eines jeden Z chtungsprogramms h ngt vom Umfang der genetischen Variabilit t f r die Nutzung, dem genetischen Variationskoeffizienten, der gesch tzten Heritabilit t, dem genetischen Fortschritt und den Korrelationen zwischen verschiedenen Merkmalen und dem Ertrag ab. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit, das Ertragspotenzial der Pflanze zu verbessern und ihre Akzeptanz bei der einheimischen Bev lkerung zu erh hen.

A caba a da espinha (Momordica dioica Roxb.) uma cultura hort cola di cea, perene e pouco explorada, importante do ponto de vista medicinal e econ mico. Pertence fam lia das Cucurbit ceas com n mero de cromossomas (2n = 28), do g nero Momordica. As caba as de espinha n o foram objeto de trabalhos de investiga o sist mica para compreender a arquitetura gen tica e desenvolver um programa de melhoramento. Por outro lado, por falta de informa o sobre a variabilidade gen tica, a cultura n o foi explorada em toda a sua extens o e, por isso, n o se registaram melhorias apreci veis em termos de rendimento e qualidade. A estimativa dos par metros gen ticos necess ria para compreender a arquitetura gen tica do rendimento e dos componentes que contribuem para o rendimento. O xito de qualquer programa de melhoramento depende do quantum de variabilidade gen tica a explorar, do coeficiente de varia o gen tica, das estimativas de hereditariedade, do avan o gen tico e das correla es entre diferentes caracter sticas e a produ o de frutos. necess rio melhorar o potencial de rendimento da cultura e torn -la mais aceit vel para a popula o ind gena.

La courge pineuse (Momordica dioica Roxb.) est une plante potag re dio que, p renne, m dicalement et conomiquement importante et sous-exploit e. Elle appartient la famille des cucurbitac es avec un nombre de chromosomes (2n = 28), sous le genre Momordica. Les gourdes pines n'ont pas fait l'objet de travaux de recherche syst miques visant comprendre l'architecture g n tique et mettre en place un programme d'am lioration. D'autre part, faute d'informations sur la variabilit g n tique, la culture n'a pas t exploit e au maximum et, de ce fait, aucune am lioration sensible n'a t apport e en termes de rendement et de qualit . L'estimation des param tres g n tiques est n cessaire pour comprendre l'architecture g n tique du rendement et des composants contribuant au rendement. Le succ s de tout programme de s lection d pend de la quantit de variabilit g n tique exploiter, du coefficient de variation g n tique, des estimations de l'h ritabilit , de l'avance g n tique et des corr lations entre les diff rents caract res et le rendement du fruit. Il est n cessaire d'am liorer le potentiel de rendement de la culture et de la rendre plus acceptable pour la population indig ne.

Cebola (Allium cepa L.) 2n=16. uma planta altamente polinizada, bienal para a produ o de sementes e anual para a produ o de bolbos, pertencente fam lia Alliaceae. A cebola um dos produtos hort colas mais importantes e cultivada em todo o mundo ao ar livre. Tornou-se uma importante cultura comercial devido sua rea, produ o e consumo. Durante as ltimas d cadas, o conhecimento e a compreens o de v rios aspectos da produ o vegetal t m sido objeto de enormes desenvolvimentos, tendo sido produzida diversa literatura. Para melhorar o rendimento e a qualidade dos bolbos atrav s da sele o de melhores variedades, a informa o sobre a natureza e a magnitude da variabilidade do rendimento e de outros caracteres presentes na popula o devido a causas gen ticas e n o gen ticas desempenha um papel importante e, como tal, um pr -requisito para qualquer programa de melhoramento sistem tico. O rendimento das culturas, sendo complexo por natureza, depende em grande medida dos caracteres que o constituem e das suas interac es. O conhecimento da associa o destes caracteres com o rendimento ser mais til para planear as estrat gias de sele o para melhorar o rendimento. Ao longo deste livro s o discutidas muitas ideias e problemas para ajudar os estudantes e investigadores.

Oignon (Allium cepa L.) 2n=16. Il s'agit d'une plante forte pollinisation crois e, bisannuelle pour la production de semences et annuelle pour la production de bulbes, appartenant la famille des Alliac es. L'oignon est l'un des l gumes les plus importants et il est cultiv en plein air dans le monde entier. Il est devenu une culture commerciale importante en raison de sa superficie, de sa production et de sa consommation. Au cours des derni res d cennies, des d veloppements consid rables ont contribu la connaissance et la compr hension de divers aspects de la production v g tale et de nombreuses publications ont t produites. Pour am liorer le rendement et la qualit des bulbes par la s lection de meilleures vari t s, les informations sur la nature et l'ampleur de la variabilit du rendement et d'autres caract res pr sents dans la population en raison de causes g n tiques et non g n tiques jouent un r le important et constituent donc une condition pr alable tout programme de s lection syst matique. Le rendement d'une culture, de nature complexe, d pend largement des caract res qui y contribuent et de leurs interactions. La connaissance de l'association de ces caract res avec le rendement sera plus utile pour planifier les strat gies de s lection en vue d'am liorer le rendement. Ce livre aborde de nombreuses id es et probl mes afin d'aider les tudiants et les chercheurs.

Spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.) is medicinally and economically important dioceious, perennial and under exploited vegetable crop. It belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family with chromosome number (2n = 28), under the genus Momordica. Spine gourds have not been taken up for systemic research work in order to understand the genetic architecture and endeavour in an improvement programme. On the other hand, for want of information on the genetic variability, the crop has not been exploited to the fullest extent possible and due to this, appreciable improvement has not been made in terms of yield and quality. Estimation of genetic parameters is needed to understand the genetic architecture of yield and yield contributing components. The success of any breeding programme depends upon the quantum of genetic variability for exploitation, genetic coefficient of variation, heritability estimates, genetic advance and correlations among different traits with the fruit yield. There is need to improve its yield potential of the crop and make it more acceptable among the indigenous population.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) 2n=16. It is a highly cross-pollinated, biennial for seed production and annual for bulb production, belonging to family Alliaceae. Onion is one of the most important vegetables and grown worldwide under outdoor condition. It has become an important commercial crop because of its area, production and consumption. During the past few decades tremendous developments have contributed to the knowledge and understanding of various aspects of crop production and various literatures has been generated. To improve the bulb yield and quality through selection of better varieties, the information on the nature and magnitude of variability for yield and other characters present in the population owing to its genetic and non-genetic causes play an important role and as such it is a pre-requisite for any systematic breeding programme. The crop yield being complex in nature depends largely on its contributing characters and their interactions. Knowledge on association of these traits with yield will be more useful to plan the selection strategies for improving the yield. With going this book many ideas and problems are discussed to help out the students, research workers.

The improvement in garlic was attempted for higher yield, better quality and storability in India and world. For successful improvement in any crop the knowledge of its genetic nature is important. Garlic is a sterile diploid (2n=2x=16). Since it is a clonally propagated crop, less variability exists. In consequence garlic breeding has been limited to the selection through the pre-existing genetic variability and increase in garlic variability was attempted via mutation breeding and in-vitro techniques. So, it was important to induce variability through mutation. Various physical and chemical mutagens are used to induce mutations in plants. In all cases, an effective mass propagation system is needed for multiplication of selected elite material for commercial purposes. This book is help out the students, research workers and biotechnologists.