P Akhila Swathanthra

D-Limonene is a compound that can be obtained from the peel of citrus fruits such as oranges, limes, mandarins, etc. D-limonene takes its name from the lemon. it is one of the most common terpenes present in nature. Many health care providers have approved the potential benefits of D-limonene claiming that it can prevent or treat some health conditions such as Bronchitis, Cancer, Diabetes, Gall stones, etc. It is also used in industries to makesanitizing liquids, Fragrances, pesticides, etc. In the present study, D-Limonene is extracted using the peel of oranges, The peel of oranges are boiled in water and the oil extractedis distilled in steam at a temperature less than 100 C, well below its normal boiling point which is 176 C. The immiscible oil can then be separated from water by simple techniques, This study of extracting D-limonene was made using different solvents such as methanol and distilled water at various temperatures and times of heating which provided us with varied results from which the optimum process was concluded. Thus produced D-Limonene was characterized using Gas chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy.

A chemical element Copper with symbol Cu is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. The exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish orange color and is used as a building material and also as a constituent of various metal alloys. Long-term exposure of the metal can cause irritation of the nose, mouth and eyes and it causes headaches, stomachaches, dizziness, vomiting and diarrhea. Adsorption is the process for the removal of copper in drinking water, there were different methods so far tried for the removal of excess copper from water. Adsorption methods by using several adsorbents such as saw dust, fly ash, etc., have been tested in past at different copper concentrations.. Intentionally high uptakes of copper may cause liver and kidney damage and even death. Water pipes made up of copper and bath fixtures made from brass and bronze alloys that contain copper. The removal of toxic metal ion Cu(II) presentsynthetic water using Ficus bengalensis (Banyan tree) bark powder and Cinnamomum.