Peter Schuck

A follow-up to the experimental and instrumental aspects described in Basic Principles of Analytical Ultracentrifugation, the volume Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Discrete Species and Size-Distributions of Macromolecules and Particles describes the theory and practice of data analysis. Mathematical models for the sedimentation process and the evolution of detected signals are developed in a comprehensive framework, jointly with the description of current and historical strategies for how to extract from noisy experimental data the physical parameters of interest, such as size, mass, and shape, composition, and polydispersity of sedimenting particles. The methods are extensively illustrated, and supported with practical applications, as well as cross-references where to find the methods in the public domain software SEDFIT and SEDPHAT. The systems covered are discrete or polydisperse mixtures of sedimenting molecules or particles in dilute solution, such as proteins and other biomolecules and their stable complexes, man-made polymers, and nanoparticles, observed in different optical systems. These methods form the essential foundation for the analysis of dynamic interacting systems, which are covered in a separate volume.

Filling a gap in the literature of biophysical methodology, this book explains the fundamentals in the theory and practice of AUC. It introduces the basic principles and technical setup of an AUC experiment and describes the optical systems used for detection. It explores the ultracentrifugation experiment from a macromolecular standpoint, offering a detailed physical picture of the sedimentation process and relevant macromolecular parameters. The authors present important practical aspects for conducting an experiment and cover instrument calibration and quality control experiments.

A follow-up to the experimental and instrumental aspects described in Basic Principles of Analytical Ultracentrifugation, the volume Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Discrete Species and Size-Distributions of Macromolecules and Particles describes the theory and practice of data analysis. Mathematical models for the sedimentation process and the evolution of detected signals are developed in a comprehensive framework, jointly with the description of current and historical strategies for how to extract from noisy experimental data the physical parameters of interest, such as size, mass, and shape, composition, and polydispersity of sedimenting particles. The methods are extensively illustrated, and supported with practical applications, as well as cross-references where to find the methods in the public domain software SEDFIT and SEDPHAT. The systems covered are discrete or polydisperse mixtures of sedimenting molecules or particles in dilute solution, such as proteins and other biomolecules and their stable complexes, man-made polymers, and nanoparticles, observed in different optical systems. A useful reference for researchers and graduate students of macromolecular disciplines, these methods form the essential foundation for the analysis of dynamic interacting systems, which are covered in the volume Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Interacting Systems. Software referenced in the book is available for download at: https://sedfitsedphat.nibib.nih.gov/default.aspx

Analytical ultracentrifugation is one of the most powerful solution techniques for the study of macromolecular interactions, to define the number and stoichiometry of complexes formed, and to measure affinities ranging from very strong to very weak and repulsive. Building on the data analysis tools described in the volume Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Discrete Species and Size-Distributions of Macromolecules and Particles, and the experimental and instrumental aspects in the first volume Basic Principles of Analytical Ultracentrifugation, the present volume Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Interacting Systems is devoted to the theory and practical data analysis of dynamically coupled sedimentation processes. This volume is designed to fill a gap in biophysical methodology to provide a framework that builds on the fundamentals of the highly developed traditional methods of analytical ultracentrifugation, updated with current methodology and from a viewpoint of modern applications. It will be an invaluable resource for researchers and graduate students interested in the application of analytical ultracentrifugation in the study of interacting systems, such as biological macromolecules, multi-protein complexes, polymers, or nanoparticles.

Law is an increasingly pervasive force in our society. At the same time, however, the obstacles to law's effectiveness are also growing. In The Limits of Law, Yale law professor Peter H. Schuck draws on law, social science, and history to explore this momentous clash between law's compelling promise of ordered liberty and the realistic limits of it

Immigration is one of the critical issues of our time. In Citizens, Strangers, and In-Betweens, an integrated series of fourteen essays, Yale professor Peter Schuck analyzes the complex social forces that have been unleashed by unprecedented legal and illegal migration to the United States, forces that are reshaping American society in countless ways. Schuck first presents the demographic, political, economic, legal, and cultural contexts in which these transformations are occurring. He then shows how the courts, Congress, and the states are responding to the tensions created by recent immigration. Next, he explores the nature of American citizenship, challenging traditional ways of defining the national community and analyzing the controversial topics of citizenship for illegal alien children, the devaluation and revaluation of American citizenship, and plural citizenship. In a concluding section, Schuck focuses on four vital and explosive policy issues: immigration's effects on the civil rights movement, the cultural differences among various American ethnic groups as revealed in their experiences as immigrants throughout the world, the protection of refugees fleeing persecution, and immigration's effects on American society in recent years.

Analytical ultracentrifugation is one of the most powerful solution techniques for the study of macromolecular interactions, to define the number and stoichiometry of complexes formed, and to measure affinities ranging from very strong to very weak and repulsive. Building on the data analysis tools described in the volume Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Discrete Species and Size-Distributions of Macromolecules and Particles, and the experimental and instrumental aspects in the first volume Basic Principles of Analytical Ultracentrifugation, the present volume Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Interacting Systems is devoted to the theory and practical data analysis of dynamically coupled sedimentation processes. This volume is designed to fill a gap in biophysical methodology to provide a framework that builds on the fundamentals of the highly developed traditional methods of analytical ultracentrifugation, updated with current methodology and from a viewpoint of modern applications. It will be an invaluable resource for researchers and graduate students interested in the application of analytical ultracentrifugation in the study of interacting systems, such as biological macromolecules, multi-protein complexes, polymers, or nanoparticles.

A follow-up to the experimental and instrumental aspects described in Basic Principles of Analytical Ultracentrifugation, the volume Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Discrete Species and Size-Distributions of Macromolecules and Particles describes the theory and practice of data analysis. Mathematical models for the sedimentation process and the evolution of detected signals are developed in a comprehensive framework, jointly with the description of current and historical strategies for how to extract from noisy experimental data the physical parameters of interest, such as size, mass, and shape, composition, and polydispersity of sedimenting particles. The methods are extensively illustrated, and supported with practical applications, as well as cross-references where to find the methods in the public domain software SEDFIT and SEDPHAT. The systems covered are discrete or polydisperse mixtures of sedimenting molecules or particles in dilute solution, such as proteins and other biomolecules and their stable complexes, man-made polymers, and nanoparticles, observed in different optical systems. A useful reference for researchers and graduate students of macromolecular disciplines, these methods form the essential foundation for the analysis of dynamic interacting systems, which are covered in the volume Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation: Interacting Systems. Software referenced in the book is available for download at: https://sedfitsedphat.nibib.nih.gov/default.aspx

Filling a gap in the literature of biophysical methodology, this book explains the fundamentals in the theory and practice of AUC. It introduces the basic principles and technical setup of an AUC experiment and describes the optical systems used for detection. It explores the ultracentrifugation experiment from a macromolecular standpoint, offering a detailed physical picture of the sedimentation process and relevant macromolecular parameters. The authors present important practical aspects for conducting an experiment and cover instrument calibration and quality control experiments.

The idea of an exceptional America remains controversial. In this dazzlingly comprehensive collection of essays, some of the nation's best scholars and thinkers take on the weighty task of sizing up Goliath in a way Americans and others can comprehend. These twenty studies in American exceptionalism provide a solidly researched and in-depth analysis on the current state of our institutions, our values, and our challenges for the future.

It is the aim of this book to describe in concise form our present theoretical understanding of the nuclear many-body problem. The presen­ tation of the enormous amount of material that has accumulated in this field over the last few decades may be divided into two broad categories: One can either concentrate on the physical phenomena, such as the single-particle excitations, rotations, vibrations, or large-amplitude collec­ tive motion, and treat each of them using a variety of theoretical methods; or one may stress the methodology and technical aspects of the different theories that have been used to describe the nucleus. We have chosen the second avenue. The structure of this book is thus dictated by the different methods used-Hartree-Fock theory, time-dependent Hartree-Fock the­ ory, generator coordinates, boson expansions, etc. -rather than by the physical subjects. Many of the present theories have, of course, already been presented in other textbooks. In order to be able to give a more rounded picture, we shall either briefly review such topics (as in the case of the liquid drop or the shell model) or try to give more updated versions (as in the cases of rotations or the random phase approximation). Our essential aim, however, is to present the more modern theories-such as boson expansions, genera­ tor coordinates, time-dependent Hartree-Fock, semiclassical theories, etc. -which have either never been seen, or at best had little detailed treat­ ment in, book form.

Immigration is one of the critical issues of our time. In Citizens, Strangers, and In-Betweens, an integrated series of fourteen essays, Yale professor Peter Schuck analyzes the complex social forces that have been unleashed by unprecedented legal and illegal migration to the United States, forces that are reshaping American society in countless ways. Schuck first presents the demographic, political, economic, legal, and cultural contexts in which these transformations are occurring. He then shows how the courts, Congress, and the states are responding to the tensions created by recent immigration. Next, he explores the nature of American citizenship, challenging traditional ways of defining the national community and analyzing the controversial topics of citizenship for illegal alien children, the devaluation and revaluation of American citizenship, and plural citizenship. In a concluding section, Schuck focuses on four vital and explosive policy issues: immigration's effects on the civil rights movement, the cultural differences among various American ethnic groups as revealed in their experiences as immigrants throughout the world, the protection of refugees fleeing persecution, and immigration's effects on American society in recent years.

Law is an increasingly pervasive force in our society. At the same time, however, the obstacles to law’s effectiveness are also growing. In The limits of Law, Yale law professor Peter H, Schuck draws on law, social science, and history to explore this momentous clash between law’s compelling promise of ordered liberty and the realistic limits of its capacity to deliver on this promise. Schuck first discusses the constraints within which law must work–law’s own complexity, the cultural chasms it must bridge, and the social diversity it must accommodate–and proceeds to consider the ways law uses regulatory, legislative, and adjudicatory processes to influence social behavior. He shows how politics shapes regulation, how regulation might incorporate individualized equity, and how it can best be reformed. Turning to legislation, he justifies a strong role for special interest groups, dissects purely symbolic statutes, and defends broad delegations of legislative power to regulatory agencies. Concerning adjudication, Schuck analyzes the courts’ efforts to advance social justice by controlling federal agencies, constitutionalizing politics, managing mass toxic tort disputes, and reforming public services and institutions. His concluding chapter draws together some general lessons about law’s limits and possibilities for improving democratic governance.