Pui-In Mak

This book describes the complete design of CMOS-based multi-nuclear NMR/MRI microsystems. The authors emphasize optimizing semiconductor chip design to enhance the performance of compact CMOS-based NMR/MRI systems. They also discuss the integrated circuit design of customized modules, such as 3-D gradient controllers specifically for MRI, high-resolution multi-phase generators for advanced composite radio-frequency excitation pulse synthesis, etc. The integration of these specific modules not only drives system innovation but also expands functionality. Discusses developments in CMOS integrated circuit design for miniaturized NMR/MRI platforms over recent decades;Focuses on key integrated circuit design considerations for transceivers in compact NMR systems;Details the design of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for a miniaturized 3-D MRI platform and a compact multi-nuclei NMR/MRI system, both featuring a portable magnet, for enhanced accessibility.

Technology-assisted People-to-People (P2P) interactions, embedded in a global environment, will be at the core of 21st century communications and will command the technological development of the forthcoming future. The intelligent interactivity of people, process (delivering the right information to the right person/machine at the right time), data and things, incorporates the Internet-of-Everything (IoE) that expands itself beyond the Internet-of-Things (IoT). In general, IoT comprises all physical or cyber objects (things) with an address that can transmit data (without human-to-machine interactions), while the IoE also involves communications among the users and the whole universe of electronic gadgets. Further, they both operate with data acquired from analog sources, thus connecting two different realities, the analog (physical/real) and the digital (cyber/virtual) worlds. Since the interface between the two realms deals with analog signals, its mandatory functions integrate several analog and mixed-signal sub-systems that include signal sensing, transmission and reception, frequency generation, energy harvesting, in-memory processing, data and power conversion. This publication presents state-of-the-art designs of the most critical building blocks of the analog/digital interface highlighting new and innovative circuit architectures and techniques. It addresses capacitive sensor interfaces, ultra-low-power wireless transceivers, key technologies for wireline transceivers, oscillators and frequency generators, integrated energy harvesting interfaces, in-memory processing, as well as, data and power converters, all exhibiting high quality performance with low power consumption, high energy-efficiency and high speed, thus enabling a reliable and consistent development of the IoE while enlarging its frontiers. In the coming decades, with the continuous evolution of electronics downscaling, the challenges that the above-mentioned sub-systems face will be tremendous in terms of the requirements for ultra-low power and ultra-high speed, obtained with the maximum energy-efficiency. Thus, the analog and mixed-signal very large scale integration area of work will continue to be an attractive field for research for design engineers both in the academia and in the industry, as it has been always the case since the emergence of silicon planar electronics 6 decades ago.

The book Handheld Total Chemical and Biological Analysis Systems: Bridging NMR, Digital Microfluidics, and Semiconductors centers on the complete design of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) microsystems for in vitro chemical and biological assays based on semiconductor chips and portable magnet. Different sensing mechanisms for CMOS in vitro assay are compared, key design criteria of the CMOS transceiver for NMR measurement are revealed, and system-level optimizations of the CMOS NMR platform utilizing digital microfluidic and diverse functions of the CMOS technology are discussed. Two CMOS NMR platforms are implemented, each of these focuses on different aspect of optimization.

The book Handheld Total Chemical and Biological Analysis Systems: Bridging NMR, Digital Microfluidics, and Semiconductors centers on the complete design of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) microsystems for in vitro chemical and biological assays based on semiconductor chips and portable magnet. Different sensing mechanisms for CMOS in vitro assay are compared, key design criteria of the CMOS transceiver for NMR measurement are revealed, and system-level optimizations of the CMOS NMR platform utilizing digital microfluidic and diverse functions of the CMOS technology are discussed. Two CMOS NMR platforms are implemented, each of these focuses on different aspect of optimization.

This book presents high-/mixed-voltage analog and radio frequency (RF) circuit techniques for developing low-cost multistandard wireless receivers in nm-length CMOS processes. Key benefits of high-/mixed-voltage RF and analog CMOS circuits are explained, state-of-the-art examples are studied, and circuit solutions before and after voltage-conscious design are compared. Three real design examples are included, which demonstrate the feasibility of high-/mixed-voltage circuit techniques. Provides a valuable summary and real case studies of the state-of-the-art in high-/mixed-voltage circuits and systems; Includes novel high-/mixed-voltage analog and RF circuit techniques – from concept to practice; Describes the first high-voltage-enabled mobile-TVRF front-end in 90nm CMOS and the first mixed-voltage full-band mobile-TV Receiver in 65nm CMOS;Demonstrates the feasibility of high-/mixed-voltage circuit techniques with real design examples.

This book presents high-/mixed-voltage analog and radio frequency (RF) circuit techniques for developing low-cost multistandard wireless receivers in nm-length CMOS processes. Key benefits of high-/mixed-voltage RF and analog CMOS circuits are explained, state-of-the-art examples are studied, and circuit solutions before and after voltage-conscious design are compared. Three real design examples are included, which demonstrate the feasibility of high-/mixed-voltage circuit techniques. Provides a valuable summary and real case studies of the state-of-the-art in high-/mixed-voltage circuits and systems; Includes novel high-/mixed-voltage analog and RF circuit techniques – from concept to practice; Describes the first high-voltage-enabled mobile-TVRF front-end in 90nm CMOS and the first mixed-voltage full-band mobile-TV Receiver in 65nm CMOS;Demonstrates the feasibility of high-/mixed-voltage circuit techniques with real design examples.

The prospect of initializing a network-ubiquitous society in the years to come has led to the development of multistandard-compliant wireless transceivers for seamless roaming among multiple networks. To ensure a commercial success of such a development, the manufacturing cost and power consumption of the system chips have to be minimized. The use of an advanced technology and a high level of integration have continued to be the most effective ways for cost and power minimization, given that wireless chips integrate large amounts of digital logic for computation. Regrettably, entering into the nanoelectronics era, the thinner transistor gate oxide implicates great challenges in the design of the analog front-ends. While a low-voltage supply is imposed to maintain device reliability, a relatively large threshold voltage is also necessitated to limit the leakage current. Thus, transceiver architectures and circuits which will befit future full integration of multistandard wireless transceivers in sub-1V nanoscale CMOS processes must be highly reconfigurable and robustly operational underneath a l- voltage supply. This book presents novel analog-baseband architectures and circuits that help realizing multistandard and low-voltage wireless transceivers. The main contents are presented from Chapter 2 to Chapter 6, as pictorially outlined in Figure 1. Chapter 1 overviews the current wireless-IC developments and presents the motivation and research objectives of this book. xi xii Preface Figure 1.

The prospect of initializing a network-ubiquitous society in the years to come has led to the development of multistandard-compliant wireless transceivers for seamless roaming among multiple networks. To ensure a commercial success of such a development, the manufacturing cost and power consumption of the system chips have to be minimized. The use of an advanced technology and a high level of integration have continued to be the most effective ways for cost and power minimization, given that wireless chips integrate large amounts of digital logic for computation. Regrettably, entering into the nanoelectronics era, the thinner transistor gate oxide implicates great challenges in the design of the analog front-ends. While a low-voltage supply is imposed to maintain device reliability, a relatively large threshold voltage is also necessitated to limit the leakage current. Thus, transceiver architectures and circuits which will befit future full integration of multistandard wireless transceivers in sub-1V nanoscale CMOS processes must be highly reconfigurable and robustly operational underneath a l- voltage supply. This book presents novel analog-baseband architectures and circuits that help realizing multistandard and low-voltage wireless transceivers. The main contents are presented from Chapter 2 to Chapter 6, as pictorially outlined in Figure 1. Chapter 1 overviews the current wireless-IC developments and presents the motivation and research objectives of this book. xi xii Preface Figure 1.