R M Solanki

L'India occupa una vasta area di fieno greco con una produzione elevata. L'entit della resa dipende principalmente da vari fattori ambientali e pratiche culturali. Fattori come la spaziatura ottimale giocano un ruolo importante per ottenere la massima resa per unit di superficie. Normalmente, il fieno greco viene seminato a spaglio, una pratica comunemente adottata dagli agricoltori del Gujarat. Questo metodo non facilita le operazioni agricole, come l'intercoltura, la sarchiatura, ecc. Le informazioni precise sulla programmazione dell'irrigazione in base al rapporto IW/CPE e al metodo di semina del fieno greco sono scarse. Tenendo conto di queste considerazioni, stato pianificato un programma di ricerca completo per studiare l'uso giudizioso dell'acqua di irrigazione che possa fornire informazioni non solo sull'uso dell'acqua da parte della coltura, ma anche su quando irrigare e trovare il metodo di semina adatto per il fieno greco.

L'Inde occupe une grande partie de la surface de fenugrec avec une production lev e. L'importance du rendement d pend principalement de divers facteurs environnementaux et de pratiques culturales. Les facteurs tels que l'espacement optimal jouent un r le important dans l'obtention d'un rendement maximal par unit de surface. Normalement, le fenugrec est sem la vol e, ce qui est une pratique courante adopt e par les agriculteurs du Gujarat. Cette m thode ne facilite pas les op rations agricoles, savoir l'interculture, le d sherbage, etc. Les informations pr cises concernant la programmation appropri e de l'irrigation en fonction du rapport IW/CPE et de la m thode d'ensemencement du fenugrec sont rares. Compte tenu des consid rations ci-dessus, un programme de recherche complet a t planifi pour tudier l'utilisation judicieuse de l'eau d'irrigation qui peut fournir des informations non seulement sur l'utilisation de l'eau par la culture, mais aussi sur le moment d'irriguer et de trouver la m thode de semis appropri e pour le fenugrec.

In Indien werden in gro em Umfang Bockshornkleefl chen mit hoher Produktion genutzt. Das Ausma des Ertrags h ngt haupts chlich von verschiedenen Umweltfaktoren und kulturellen Praktiken ab. Faktoren wie der optimale Abstand spielen eine wichtige Rolle, um einen maximalen Ertrag pro Fl cheneinheit zu erzielen. Normalerweise wird Bockshornklee im Streuverfahren ausges t, wie es die Landwirte in Gujarat praktizieren. Diese Methode erleichtert die landwirtschaftlichen Arbeiten wie Zwischenfruchtanbau, Unkrautbek mpfung usw. nicht. Genaue Informationen ber eine angemessene Bew sserungsplanung auf der Grundlage des Verh ltnisses IW/CPE und der Aussaatmethode f r Bockshornklee sind sp rlich. In Anbetracht der obigen berlegungen wurde ein umfassendes Forschungsprogramm geplant, um den vern nftigen Einsatz von Bew sserungswasser zu untersuchen, das nicht nur Informationen ber den Wasserverbrauch der Pflanzen, sondern auch ber den Zeitpunkt der Bew sserung und die geeignete Aussaatmethode f r Bockshornklee liefern kann.

A ndia ocupa uma grande rea de feno-grego com uma produ o elevada. O n vel de rendimento varia em fun o de v rios factores ambientais e pr ticas culturais. Factores como o espa amento ptimo desempenham um papel importante para obter o m ximo rendimento por unidade de superf cie. Normalmente, o feno-grego semeado por difus o, que uma pr tica comum adoptada pelos agricultores em Gujarat. Este m todo n o facilita as opera es agr colas, nomeadamente o cultivo intercalar, a monda, etc. As informa es precisas sobre a programa o adequada da irriga o com base na rela o IW/CPE e no m todo de sementeira do feno-grego s o escassas. Tendo em conta as considera es anteriores, foi planeado um programa de investiga o abrangente para estudar a utiliza o judiciosa da gua de irriga o, que pode fornecer informa es n o s sobre a utiliza o da gua pela cultura, mas tamb m sobre o momento de irrigar e descobrir o m todo adequado de sementeira para o feno-grego.

A field experiment entitled "Response of summer green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) to irrigation scheduling based on IW/CPE ratio and spacing" was carried out during summer season of 2015 at the Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. On the basis of one year field experimentation, it seems quite logical to concluded that under clayey soils of South Saurashtra agro-climatic zone for getting higher yield and net realization, green gram (GM 4) should be irrigated ten times at an IW/CPE ratio of 0.8 including two common irrigations i.e. first irrigation immediately after sowing, second at 5-6 days after sowing and remaining five irrigations should be given at an interval of 6-7 days and crop should be sown at 30.0 cm row spacing along with other recommended package of practices.

Among the various agronomic factors, proper row spacing and nitrogen are of prime important for enhancing fodder yield of better quality. Plant spacing is one of the important factors that determine the efficient use of land, light, water and nutrients. Among different nutrients, nitrogen is the most commonly deficient nutrient in the soil and gives considerable response in forage maize. Nitrogen is an essential element for both fodder quantity and quality as it is a component of protein and chlorophyll. Maize can be grown to produce fodder in rabi season to solve the problem of livestock feed shortage during this period. In Saurashtra, most of the small and marginal farmers' keep one or two milch cows or buffaloes for selling milk. To provide good quality green and dry fodder for the milch animals round the year, it is become inevitable to find out suitable row spacing and proper nitrogen dose for rabi fodder maize under Saurashtra region. Precise information regarding appropriate spacing and nitrogen dose for fodder maize is very limited.

The productivity of castor following rabi short duration crop is lower. However, it can be enhanced through suitable agronomic practices. Among the different agronomic practices nutrient management and plant geometry play crucial role for achieving higher yield per unit area. Effect of plant population on yield is considerable as proper inter and intra spacing provides sufficient interception of sunlight and satisfactory absorption of nutrients and water from the soil, subsequently resulted in higher seed yield. Fertilizer is a key component of modern crop production technologies. The application of fertilizer is essential for increasing crop yields and farmers income even when crops are grown without irrigation under rainfed or in dryland condition. Each essential nutrient has certain specific function to perform in the plant and one element can't substitute for another.