Reinhard Zimmermann

Zwingenden Angehörigenschutz gewährleistet das deutsche Erbrecht durch eine feste Quotenteilhabe: Den Abkömmlingen, den Eltern und dem Ehegatten des Erblassers steht als "Pflichtteil" die Hälfte des Wertes ihres gesetzlichen Erbteils zu, wenn sie durch Verfügung von Todes wegen von der Erbfolge ausgeschlossen sind. Für diese bedarfsunabhängige Beschränkung der Testierfreiheit gibt es keine überzeugenden Gründe. Das vorgestellte Alternativmodell zum Pflichtteilsrecht soll die Reformdiskussion wiederbeleben. Es beruht auf dem Grundgedanken, die Testierfreiheit zu stärken und deshalb die nächsten Angehörigen des Erblassers nur dann zu schützen, wenn sie eines solchen Schutzes tatsächlich bedürfen. Soweit ein solches Schutzbedürfnis allerdings besteht, soll es so weit wie möglich befriedigt werden. Dreh- und Angelpunkt des Reformmodells sind infolgedessen die Unterhaltspflichten des Erblassers, die als Nachlassverbindlichkeiten bestehen bleiben.

Als die Europäische Kommission den CFR-Prozess initiierte, zielte sie damit insbesondere auf eine Revision des acquis communautaire im Bereich des Verbrauchervertragsrechts. Eine solche Revision hat jedoch bis heute nicht stattgefunden, weder in den Acquis Principles und dem DCFR noch im Vorschlag einer Verbraucherrechte-Richtlinie. Die Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes bemühen sich darum, dieses Defizit durch eine Analyse der Kernfragen zu beheben, die sich in diesem Zusammenhang stellen: Reichweite und Wirkung von zwingendem Recht, Kontrolle von Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen, Widerrufsrechte, Rückabwicklung nach Widerruf, Informationspflichten. Dabei ist ihr Anliegen ein genuin rechtswissenschaftliches. Es geht um nachvollziehbare Begründungen, funktionale Adäquanz und Wertungskohärenz und um die Frage, wie Regeln formuliert sein sollten, um bestimmte rechtspolitische Ziele zu erreichen.

The emergence of a European private law is one of the great issues on the legal agenda of our time. Among the most prominent initiatives furthering this process is the work of the Commission on European Contract Law. The essays collected in this 2002 volume have their origin within this context. They explore two practically very important topics which had hitherto been largely neglected in comparative legal literature: set-off and 'extinctive' prescription (or limitation of actions). Professor Zimmermann lays the comparative foundations for a common approach which may provide the basis for a set of European principles. At the same time, the essays provide practical examples of the arguments that can be employed in the process of harmonising European private law on a rational basis. They explore topics such as the comparative experiences in the various modern legal systems and the direction in which the international development is heading.

Presents a lecture held before the Judicial Society in Berlin on June 15, 2005, on the subject of the Europization of private law as a function of and challenge for comparative law.

On 1 January 2000 the German Civil Code (BGB) became one hundred years old. It had been remarkably resilient throughout a century marked by catastrophic upheavals and a succession of fundamentally different political regimes. Two years later, however, the most sweeping individual reform ever to have affected the Code entered into force. This was the Modernization of the Law of Obligations Act: triggered by the necessity to implement the European Consumer Sales Directive, but going far beyond what was required by the European Community. The most important practical implication of the Modernization Act is the fundamental reform of the German law of prescription. However, the most remarkable feature of the revised BGB in terms of innovative doctrine is the new regime concerning liability for general non-performance, and for non-conformity in sales law. Radically, the face of the BGB has been changed by the incorporation of a number of special statutes aiming at the protection of consumers. The draftsmen of the new law have thus made an effort to streamline, or harmonize, general contract law and consumer contract law. The four topics covered in Chapters 2-5 of the book are prescription, remedies for non-performance, liability for non-conformity, and consumer contract law. In all these cases a historical or comparative perspective is adopted in order to analyze and assess the new rules of German law. Even in its radically new form the German Civil Code continues to be a characteristic manifestation of German legal culture. At the same time, however, the reform has moved German contract law considerably closer to European thinking patterns. Termed 'a milestone on the path towards a European Civil Code', this book offers a unique and authoritative insight into the new German law of obligations.

The emergence of a European private law is one of the great issues on the legal agenda of our time. Among the most prominent initiatives furthering this process is the work of the Commission on European Contract Law. The essays collected in this 2002 volume have their origin within this context. They explore two practically very important topics which had hitherto been largely neglected in comparative legal literature: set-off and 'extinctive' prescription (or limitation of actions). Professor Zimmermann lays the comparative foundations for a common approach which may provide the basis for a set of European principles. At the same time, the essays provide practical examples of the arguments that can be employed in the process of harmonising European private law on a rational basis. They explore topics such as the comparative experiences in the various modern legal systems and the direction in which the international development is heading.

Legal history helps us to understand our modern law. It explains why the law has become what it is. It lays open the premises on which the modern law is based. It constitutes a rich source of experience which is as valuable for the development of modern legal doctrines as for law reform. It may also reveal where a wong turn has been taken and thus prevent us from repeating an error. Today, however, historical legal scholarship has acquired an added significance in view of the Europeanization of private law and private law scholarship. It enables us to see the common ground between our modern national legal sustems and to understand existing differences. It makes us aware of the fact that the law has not developed in national isolation and can, therefore, not properly be understood under purely national auspices. It constitutes the foundation for scholarship in comparative law and paves the way towards re-establishing a European legal culture. The focus of these Clarendon lectures is on the "vital connection that ties the present to the past" (Savigny) and on the link between legal history, modern legal doctrine, and comparative law. They aim to recreate an awareness of a fundamental intellectual unity based on a common tradition. Such awareness is of central importance to sustain the process of a Europeanization of private law which we experience today. Lecture One: The End of an Era: Transformation of Scholarship in Roman Law Lecture Two: The Transition from Civil Law to Civil Code: Dawn of a New Era? Lecture Three: A Change in Perspective: European Private Law and its Historical Foundations

This book is widely regarded as one of the most remarkable achievements in Roman Law and Comparative Law scholarship this century - a fact attested to by the universal acclaim with which it has been received throughout Europe, America, and beyond. As a work of Roman Law scholarship it fuses the vast volume of 20th century scholarship on the Roman law of obligations into a clear and very readable (and in many ways original) account of the law. As a work of comparative law it traces the transformation of the Roman law of obligations over the centuries into what is now modern German, English and South African law, presenting the reader with a contrast between these legal systems which is unique both in its scope and its depth. As a whole the book is written with a deep understanding of human nature and of many social, economic, and other forces that determine the face of the law.

In this book Franz Wieacker tells how legal thinking, writing and teaching started in Europe and how it developed. He begins in the High Middle Ages and describes how the Glossators laid down the foundations by applying methodical criticism and exegesis to the Digest of Justinian. As Reinhard Zimmermann's foreword shows, Wieacker's way of telling the history of European legal thought from its origins in medieval Bologna down to the present day and of elucidating the intellectual conditions for its development is a stunning achievement. One of the great strengths of the book lies in its demonstration of the constant interaction between the thinking of lawyers and the general philosophical ideas of their time: between Scholasticism and medieval legal science, between the enlightenment and the Law of Reason, between Classicism (and Romanticism) and Savigny's Historical School of Law. It is hardly surprising that so ambitious and erudite a work should have become a classic since 1952, when it was first published in German. Now Tony Weir's brilliant translation makes the seond and final edition accessible to English-speaking scholars the world over.