Roger White

Economic globalization is the process of increased integration among nations, characterized and fostered by three elements of international trade- goods and services, international capital flows, and international migration. In recent decades, international economic integration has increased both in depth (more pronounced bilateral connections) and in breadth (connections have become more commonplace), thus, the global economy has become increasingly integrated. Societies receive tremendous net benefits from economic globalization, however, accessing these benefits may be limited by cross-societal cultural differences. This book examines cultural differences as a potential impediment to economic integration. Relying on rigorous statistical and econometric techniques, the analyses indicate that higher transaction costs, due to greater cultural distance, inhibit both the volume of trade flows and the successful completion of trade deals. Cultural distance appears to reduce foreign direct investment, as well as divert investment to less culturally-distant destinations. This book finds a negative relationship between migration flows and cultural distance. It considers the common criticism that repeated and intensified integration diminishes cultural differences, resulting in cultural homogeneity. This book offers the first comprehensive examination of the relationships between cross-societal cultural differences and economic globalization. It will be of great interest to scholars and students who study globalization, international economics, and cultural studies.

This essential volume examines the influence of immigrants on the process of international economic integration - specifically, their influences on bilateral and multilateral trade flows. It extends beyond the identification and explanation of the immigrant-trade link and offers a more expansive treatment of the subject matter, making it the most comprehensive volume of its kind. The authors present abundant evidence that confirms the positive influences of immigrants on trade between their home and host countries; however the immigrant-trade link may not be universal. The operability of the link is found to depend on a variety of factors related to immigrants' home countries, their host countries, the types of goods and services being traded and the anthropogenic characteristics of the immigrants themselves. Applying the augmented gravity model to data on trade and migration, International Migration and Economic Integration provides answers to the following questions: Do immigrants exert positive influences on trade between their respective host and home countries? Are the effects of immigrants on trade homogenous across different immigrant entry classifications? Do the influences of immigrants on trade in goods extend to trade in services? Are these influences homogenous across product types and industry/sector classifications? Do differences in relative levels of economic and/or social development for immigrants' host and/or home countries affect the existence or the magnitude of the immigrant-trade link? Have immigration policies and changes in such policies influenced the immigrant-trade relationship? Do cultural differences between immigrants' home and host countries inhibit trade flows and, if so, to what extent do the pro-trade influences of immigrants counter the trade-inhibiting effects of cultural distance? Is there variation in the pro-trade influences of immigrants across migration corridors? Is the influence of immigrants on trade conditional on the volume of trade taking place between their host and home countries? Are the effects of immigrants (emigrants) on trade universal? What factors/conditions correlate with the existence and operability of the immigrant-trade relationship? Though ideally suited to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in international trade, international economics, public policy, sociology and international relations and their professors, this engaging work will also be relevant for anyone outside of academia who is interested in public policy, immigration, or international relations.

This unique book synthesizes and extends the immigrant-trade literature and provides comprehensive coverage of this timely and important topic. In that vein, the author contributes to the understanding of the relationship between immigration and trade and sheds light on a noteworthy aspect of globalization that both confronts policymakers with challenges and offers the potential to overcome them. Roger White documents the pro-trade influences that immigrants have on US imports from, and exports to, their respective home countries. Variations in the immigrant-trade link are addressed, as are the underlying factors that may determine the existence and operability of that link. The findings have direct implications for US immigration policy, suggesting that too few immigrants are currently admitted to the country and that a more liberal immigration policy may enhance social welfare. This book contains valuable economic analyses for undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers, educated laypersons and practitioners who are interested in public policy, international trade and economics, migration studies, international relations and globalization.

When Edward I took Caernarfon, seat of the Princes of Gwynedd, in 1278, he conquered the last remaining part of the Roman Empire. Why was it that this part of the Roman Empire survived for 800 years before succumbing to the medieval kingdoms that succeeded Rome? In answering this question, this book offers a new and innovative perspective on Wales, the South West and the Welsh Marches at a time when they were united as Britannia Prima, one of the four late Roman provinces of Britain. Created at the end of the third century, the province endured for 200 years, offering a successful resistance to the incoming Anglo-Saxon invaders throughout the fifth century. This book, the first ever to examine one of the provinces of late Roman Britain, provides a critical analysis of the abundant archaeological information now available. In doing so it paints a picture of a wealthy and flourishing Roman society in the fourth century, able to achieve a measure of economic self-sufficiency through its wealth of natural resources, a society that maintained its Roman, and urban, character throughout the fifth century. Eventually Britannia Prima fragmented, overwhelmed by the internal and external pressures that it faced, but its enduring legacy is the distinct nature, culture and identity of the Welsh and Cornish kingdoms that succeeded it.

The 'Old Work', the largest fragment of a Roman civilian building still standing in Britain, is a spectacular landmark which points to the site of Wroxeter Roman City, between medieval Shrewsbury and modern Telford. In its prime the city was the fourth largest in Britain, surpassed only by London, Cirencester and St Albans. Intensive archaeological research over the last 30 years, building on the work of earlier archaeologists and antiquarians, now makes it possible to understand much of the rise and fall of this great city. With the help of over 100 illustrations (many in full colour) the authors chart the modern rediscovery of Wroxeter. This lively and authorative account will be equally satisfying to those living in the Welsh Marches and to those with an interest in Roman Britain.

This new volume of poems and prose portrays both known and unidentified Baha'is and is full of the high spirit and idealism of of the Baha'i revelation.