Ryan Michael Bauer

The authors describe how Russia's armed presence in Africa has changed from mid-2023 to September 2024. The authors seek to identify where Russian mercenaries have a presence in Africa, what types of activities they perform, and the resulting implications of mercenaries' use for African governments, economies, and civilian populations. The authors also analyze African publics' sentiment regarding Russian mercenaries and Russia itself.

The Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) is designed to enhance security at U. S. ports. It demonstrates that the holder has passed a Transportation Security Administration security threat assessment and is required of anyone with unescorted access to a secure area at a regulated facility. This report provides the findings from an assessment of the TWIC program, along with the assessors' recommendations.

RAND and the Observer Research Foundation convened an in-person Track II Dialogue on January 12, 2024. These conference proceedings provide a summary of the event, conclusions from it, and the full text of all six papers that were written for it. This publication can help inform foreign and defense policy officials in both countries who are responsible for U. S.-Indian relations, bilateral defense cooperation, and defense policy.