Sabine Lang

Es kann von Wirkungszusammenhängen zwischen dem Lehramtsstudium und der Entwicklung professionellen Handelns ausgegangen werden. Zur Frage, wie professionelles Handeln während des Studiums gefördert werden kann, gibt es allerdings keine einheitliche Antwort beispielsweise das Curriculum oder hochschuldidaktische Ansätze betreffend. Ein hochschuldidaktischer Ansatz im Lehramtsstudium ist der des Forschenden Lernens. Hierbei soll sowohl das Erlernen von Unterrichten als auch das Erlernen von Forschen gefördert werden. Dieser doppelte Anspruch (Unterrichtenlernen und Forschenlernen) wird als sehr herausfordernd eingeschätzt, was sich ebenfalls in einigen empirischen Befunden widerspiegelt. Hieran knüpft diese Studie an, in dem die Perspektive Studierender in den Mittelpunkt gestellt wird und nach den subjektiven Theorien Studierender zu Unterrichtenlernen und zu Forschenlernen im Kontext Forschenden Lernens gefragt wird. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich konzeptioneller Ansprüche deshochschuldidaktischen Konzepts Forschenden Lernens diskutiert und es werden Anknüpfungspunkte für Wissenschaft und Praxis aufgezeigt.

This book provides a timely and unique contribution to current debates on how effectively voluntary party quotas address the persistent underrepresentation of women in legislatures. Using a most similar case design and a mixed-methods approach, the authors draw attention to the ways in which electoral systems and party regulations interface with voluntary party quotas in Germany and Austria. All quota parties in these countries support the goal of equal participation of women and men in elected office, and quotas are presented as a means to precisely that end. In order to assess parties’ commitment to their declared goals, and the effectiveness of quotas, the book introduces the concept of the post-quota gender gap and defines it as the difference between a party’s adopted quota and the actual share of women in legislative bodies at the national and regional level. Complementing the existing literature on recruitment and socio-cultural legacies, the authors argue that the problem of voluntary party quotas lies at the intersection of party quota design and electoral law. Either parties need to design quotas that actually work within a given electoral system, or we need legislative action geared toward advancing parity not just in candidate selection, but in the composition of legislatures. The book draws on gendered candidate and election data, on the party statutes of federal and state-level party organizations, and on interviews with party officials and party women’s organizations.

Nongovernmental organizations act on behalf of citizens in politics and society. Yet many question their legitimacy and ask who they speak for. This book investigates how NGOs can become stronger advocates for citizens and better representatives of their interests. Sabine Lang analyzes the choices that NGOs face in their work for policy change between working in institutional settings and practicing public advocacy that incorporates constituents' voices. Whereas most books on NGOs focus on policy effectiveness, using approaches that treat accountability largely as a matter of internal performance measurements, Lang instead argues that it is ultimately several public accountabilities that inform NGO legitimacy. The case studies in this book use empirical research from the European Union, the United States and Germany to point to governments' role in redefining the conditions for NGOs' public advocacy.

Nongovernmental organizations act on behalf of citizens in politics and society. Yet many question their legitimacy and ask who they speak for. This book investigates how NGOs can become stronger advocates for citizens and better representatives of their interests. Sabine Lang analyzes the choices that NGOs face in their work for policy change between working in institutional settings and practicing public advocacy that incorporates constituents' voices. Whereas most books on NGOs focus on policy effectiveness, using approaches that treat accountability largely as a matter of internal performance measurements, Lang instead argues that it is ultimately several public accountabilities that inform NGO legitimacy. The case studies in this book use empirical research from the European Union, the United States and Germany to point to governments' role in redefining the conditions for NGOs' public advocacy.

1999 lehnte der US-Senat die Ratifizierung des umfassenden nuklearen Teststopp-Vertrags ab, den Bill Clinton 1996 bei der Unterzeichnung als "longest-sought, hardest-fought prize in nuclear arms control history" bezeichnet hatte. Diese Entscheidung bedeutete einen herben Ruckschlag fur das multilaterale Testverbot, da die Ratifizierung durch die USA und 43 andere Staaten Voraussetzung fur das Inkrafttreten des Vertrags ist. Die Autorin skizziert die Entstehungsgeschichte des Vertrags und fragt nach den fur das Zustandekommen des Testverbots und dessen Ablehnung im Senat ausschlaggebenden Faktoren. Im Zentrum der Analyse stehen die USA, die Probleme bei der Neudefinition ihrer weltpolitischen Rolle nach dem Ende des Kalten Krieges und die damit verbundenen ideologischen Auseinandersetzungen innerhalb der politischen "Elite" der USA.

As contemporary Native and non-Native Americans explore various forms of "gender bending" and gay and lesbian identities, interest has grown in "berdaches," the womanly men and manly women who existed in many Native American tribal cultures. Yet attempts to find current role models in these historical figures sometimes distort and oversimplify the historical realities. This book provides an objective, comprehensive study of Native American women-men and men-women across many tribal cultures and an extended time span. Sabine Lang explores such topics as their religious and secular roles; the relation of the roles of women-men and men-women to the roles of women and men in their respective societies; the ways in which gender-role change was carried out, legitimized, and explained in Native American cultures; the widely differing attitudes toward women-men and men-women in tribal cultures; and the role of these figures in Native mythology. Lang's findings challenge the apparent gender equality of the "berdache" institution, as well as the supposed universality of concepts such as homosexuality.