Sajawal Ashraf

Stress is the body's method of reacting to a condition such as a threat, challenge or physical and psychological barrier. Plant stress is a state where the plant is growing in non-ideal growth conditions that increase the demands made upon it. Stresses trigger a wide range of plant responses like altered gene expression, cellular metabolism, changes in growth rates, crop yields, etc. The effects of stress can lead to deficiencies in growth, crop yields, permanent damage or death if the stress exceeds the plant tolerance limits. Plants respond to stress in several different ways:1. Biotic stresses2. Abiotic stresses If responsive systems are not created against biotic and abiotic stresses, the plants will persistently exposed to such anxieties and at last will demonstrate an extraordinary danger to world farming.

Neem or Azadirachta indica is the multifaceted medicinal plant species which is most widely distributed in sub-continental area including many states of India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka etc. But due to its immense medicinal and economical potential, it has transferred to both tropical and subtropical zones where they start the cultivation of Neem. Neem tree possesses some majestic properties and are considered as rich source of limonoids, some essential amino acids, and several fatty acids. Moreover, Neem tree is considered as the heaven tree due to its enormous beneficial aspects including its products such as Neem oil used as for various medicinal purposes, Neem cake, and Neem seed kernel extract have extensive application in agriculture or agro-forestry.