Santosh Kumar Singh

Tout le monde r ve d'une maison o tous les appareils et dispositifs fonctionnent automatiquement. Il s'agit d'un petit pas vers la r alisation des caract ristiques du syst me d'automatisation complet de notre maison. Il existe une fonction d'allumage et d'extinction automatique de la lumi re qui d pend galement de la pr sence d'une personne dans la pi ce. Le ventilateur CA t l command utilise un syst me de d sactivation automatique. La vitesse du ventilateur est modifi e en fonction de nos besoins. La s curit est la principale pr occupation de chacun. Chacun veut vivre en s curit dans sa maison pour se prot ger de divers incidents tels que le vol. De nos jours, nous entendons souvent parler de cambriolages ou de vols dans des maisons, des bungalows ou des appartements. Nous savons tous qu'il est possible de cr er un double des cl s en quelques minutes et que la duplication des cl s est facile. Tels sont les inconv nients du syst me de fermeture traditionnel qui utilise une cl et une serrure. Pour surmonter les inconv nients susmentionn s du syst me existant, nous avons con u un syst me de s curit domestique bas sur le GSM. Il peut viter ces situations ind sirables et le vol. Les capteurs PIR sont utilis s pour d tecter les mouvements des objets vivants. Le capteur PIR est un capteur infrarouge passif qui d tecte les rayons infrarouges passifs.

A dete o de limites de imagens de v deo (SBD) crucial para aplica es de processamento de v deo, incluindo a indexa o, a navega o e a recupera o de v deos. A troca de informa es atrav s de v deo muito popular e existe uma enorme cole o de informa es de v deo dispon veis na Internet. Na recupera o e indexa o de v deos, a dete o correcta dos limites dos planos uma tarefa essencial. Existem dois tipos de dete o de limites de planos, como a transi o abrupta e a transi o gradual, a identifica o de planos continua a ser dif cil, especialmente quando h transi es graduais no v deo. O m todo sugerido detecta com precis o as transi es abruptas e graduais, nomeadamente o fade-in e o fade-out. Este m todo utiliza a a o de filtragem FAPG que ajuda a reduzir a falsa dete o sob efeitos de ilumina o.

Il rilevamento dei confini delle riprese video (SBD) fondamentale per le applicazioni di elaborazione video, tra cui l'indicizzazione, la navigazione e il recupero dei video. Lo scambio di informazioni tramite video molto diffuso e su Internet disponibile un'enorme raccolta di informazioni video. Nel reperimento e nell'indicizzazione dei video, il corretto rilevamento dei confini dell'inquadratura un compito essenziale. Esistono due tipi di rilevamento dei confini dell'inquadratura, come la transizione brusca e la transizione graduale, ma l'identificazione dell'inquadratura ancora difficile, soprattutto quando ci sono transizioni graduali nel video. Il metodo proposto rileva con precisione le transizioni brusche e graduali, in particolare le dissolvenze in entrata e in uscita. Questo metodo si avvale dell'azione di filtraggio FAPG che aiuta a ridurre i falsi rilevamenti in presenza di effetti di illuminazione.

La d tection des limites d'un plan vid o (SBD) est cruciale pour les applications de traitement vid o, notamment l'indexation, la navigation et la recherche de vid os. L' change d'informations par le biais de la vid o est tr s r pandu et il existe une vaste collection d'informations vid o disponibles sur l'internet. Dans le cadre de la recherche et de l'indexation de vid os, la d tection correcte des limites de plans est une t che essentielle. Il existe deux types de d tection des limites de plans, savoir la transition abrupte et la transition graduelle. L'identification des plans reste difficile, en particulier lorsqu'il existe des transitions graduelles dans la vid o. La m thode propos e d tecte avec pr cision les transitions abruptes et graduelles, en particulier les fondus encha n s. Cette m thode utilise l'action de filtrage FAPG qui permet de r duire les fausses d tections en cas d'effets d'illumination.

Die Video Shot Boundary Detection (SBD) ist entscheidend f r Videoverarbeitungsanwendungen wie Indizierung, Browsing und Videoabruf. Der Austausch von Informationen ber Videos ist sehr beliebt und es gibt eine riesige Sammlung von Videoinformationen im Internet. Beim Abrufen und Indizieren von Videos ist die korrekte Erkennung von Aufnahmegrenzen eine wesentliche Aufgabe. Es gibt zwei Arten der Erkennung von Aufnahmegrenzen: abrupte berg nge und allm hliche berg nge. Die Identifizierung von Aufnahmen ist immer noch schwierig, besonders wenn es allm hliche berg nge im Video gibt. Die vorgeschlagene Methode erkennt pr zise abrupte und allm hliche berg nge, insbesondere Einblendungen und Ausblendungen. Diese Methode nutzt die FAPG-Filterung, die bei Beleuchtungseffekten zur Reduzierung von Fehlerkennungen beitr gt.

The video shot boundary detection (SBD) is crucial for video processing applications including indexing, browsing, and video retrieval. The Exchange of information via video is much popular and there is a huge collection of video information available over internet. In video retrieval and indexing, the correct shot boundary detection is an essential task. There are two types of shot boundary detection, as Abrupt transition and Gradual Transition, the shot identification is still difficult, especially when there are gradual transitions in the video. The suggested method accurately detects abrupt and gradual transitions specifically, fade-in and fade-out. This method makes use of FAPG filtering action that helps in reducing the false detection under illumination effects.

Jeder tr umt von einem Haus, in dem alle Ger te und Anlagen automatisch funktionieren. Dies ist ein kleiner Schritt auf dem Weg zu einem vollst ndigen Automatisierungssystem f r unser Zuhause. Es gibt eine Funktion zum automatischen Ein- und Ausschalten des Lichts, die auch davon abh ngt, ob eine Person im Raum anwesend ist. Ferngesteuerter AC-Ventilator mit einem automatischen Deaktivierungssystem. Die Ventilatorgeschwindigkeit wird je nach Bedarf ge ndert. Sicherheit ist das Hauptanliegen f r jeden. Jeder m chte sicher in seinem Haus leben, um es vor verschiedenen Vorf llen wie Diebstahl zu sch tzen. Heutzutage h ren wir oft Nachrichten ber Einbr che oder Diebst hle in H usern, Bungalows und Wohnungen. Wir alle wissen, dass Nachschl ssel innerhalb weniger Minuten erstellt werden k nnen und dass das Nachmachen von Schl sseln einfach ist. Dies sind die Nachteile des traditionellen Schlie systems, das einen Schl ssel und ein Schloss verwendet. Um die oben genannten Nachteile des bestehenden Systems zu berwinden, haben wir ein GSM-basiertes Haussicherheitssystem entwickelt. Es kann diese unerw nschten Situationen und Diebst hle vermeiden. PIR-Sensoren werden verwendet, um die Bewegung von lebenden Objekten zu erkennen. PIR ist ein passiver Infrarotsensor, der passive Infrarotstrahlen erkennt.

Toda a gente sonha com uma casa onde todos os aparelhos e dispositivos funcionem automaticamente. Este um pequeno passo para alcan ar as caracter sticas de um sistema de automatiza o completo para a nossa casa. Existe uma fun o de ligar e desligar automaticamente a luz que tamb m depende da presen a de uma pessoa na divis o. Ventoinha AC controlada dist ncia utilizando um sistema de desativa o autom tica. A velocidade da ventoinha ser alterada de acordo com as nossas necessidades. A seguran a a principal preocupa o de toda a gente. Toda a gente quer viver em seguran a na sua casa para se manter a salvo ou protegido de v rios incidentes, como roubos. Atualmente, ouvimos muitas vezes not cias sobre roubos ou furtos em algumas casas, bungalows e apartamentos. Todos sabemos que poss vel criar uma chave duplicada em poucos minutos e que a duplica o de chaves f cil. Estas s o as desvantagens do sistema de fecho tradicional que utiliza uma chave e uma fechadura. Para ultrapassar as desvantagens acima referidas do sistema existente, concebemos um sistema de seguran a dom stica baseado em GSM. Este sistema pode evitar estas situa es indesej veis e o roubo. Os sensores PIR s o utilizados para detetar o movimento de objectos vivos. O PIR um sensor de infravermelhos passivo, que detecta raios infravermelhos passivos.

Tutti sognano una casa in cui tutti gli elettrodomestici e i dispositivi funzionino automaticamente. Questo un piccolo passo verso le caratteristiche di un sistema di automazione completo per la nostra casa. La funzione di accensione e spegnimento automatico delle luci dipende anche dalla presenza di una persona nella stanza. Ventilatore CA controllato a distanza con un sistema di disattivazione automatica. La velocit del ventilatore viene modificata in base alle nostre esigenze. La sicurezza la preoccupazione principale di tutti. Ognuno vuole vivere in sicurezza nella propria casa, per essere al sicuro da vari incidenti come i furti. Al giorno d'oggi, molte volte si sentono notizie di furti o rapine in alcune case, bungalow e appartamenti. Sappiamo tutti che i duplicati delle chiavi possono essere creati in pochi minuti e che la duplicazione delle chiavi facile. Questi sono gli svantaggi del sistema di chiusura tradizionale che utilizza una chiave e una serratura. Per superare i suddetti svantaggi del sistema esistente, abbiamo progettato un sistema di sicurezza domestica basato sul GSM. Questo sistema in grado di evitare queste situazioni indesiderate e i furti. I sensori PIR sono utilizzati per rilevare il movimento degli oggetti viventi. Il PIR un sensore a infrarossi passivo che rileva i raggi infrarossi passivi.

Based on soil fertility evaluation of 11-year-old plantations of different poplar clones, it can be concluded and suggested that soil fertility in terms of soil pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, soil organic carbon, available macronutrients (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, B and S) can be improved by integration of L-52, L-49 and PP-5 clones of poplar (Populus deltoides) in silvicultural systems under upland calcareous soil condition, besides meeting an array of farm wood needs for plywood and fuel. This will have a long way effect on soil health for higher and sustained biomass production from silvicultural system

Transport is considered as the blood line of economic and industrial growth. Increasingly faster and saver movement of man and material is being sort by the society. The existing transport system directly influences socio-economic development of the city. Development is always slow where transportation system is inadequate. Quick and efficient transport transport means make the world smaller than that of our grandparents, . Fast and efficient transport means is not a matter of choice but it is a compulsion to fuel the economic development. The poor countries consumes a lot of time and energy to get the things moved. Transportation is directly related to population ad it is the increasing population which put severe pressure on transport system to meet the rising demand. While the demand for urban transport has been growing rapidly, the supply of transport infrastructure has not kept pace with it. The urban population of India has increased rapidly in recent year. In 1951 about 62 million people were living in urban area which touched the figure of 217 million in the year 1991. So it shows an increase of over 250% in Indian urban population. While the rural population of India grow at the rate of 1.6% per annum during the period 1951-91 where as the urban population increase at the rate of 3.2% during the same period. The population of Delhi stands at almost 15 million with the population density of 10360 person/km. it is the third most populous city in India after Mumbai and Kolkata and ranked tenth amongst the most cites of the world. Delhi work force went up from 49% in 1991 to 53% in 2001.4Delhi, perhaps, the only city of its size in the world which depends almost entirely on buses on it sole mode of mass transport. Bus services are inadequate and heavily over-crowded. This situation had led t proliferation of personilsed vehicles; Delhi has largest vehicle population in the country with a close to 4.5 million vehicles in 2004-05. Delhi which contains 1.4% of total population of India accounts for 7% of total vehicle in India. So much so that Delhi has more registered vehicle than the total number of vehicles in Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai put together. Nearly 70% of them are two wheelers. Its outcome as extreme congestion on the road, ever slowing speeds, increasing accident rate, fuel wastage and environmental pollution etc. Delhi has now become the fourth most polluted city in the world, with automobiles contributing more than two third of the total atmospheric pollution. Pollution related health problems are reaching disconcerting levelsNational Capital Territory of Delhi today covers an area of 1486 sq Kms and is a Union Territory with all powers of State Government. The history of planning aMetro project for Delhi dates back to 70's. The Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) undertook the first exhaustive study on traffic and travel characteristics of Delhi in 1969-70. While bringing out extensive data describing the traffic and travel characteristics, it developed mathematical models to project travel demand. By examining several alternatives, it recommended for a mass Rapid Transit Network for Delhi. Metropolitan Transport Team (MTT), Indian Railways, has reviewed the above schemes. MTT Sought for some modifications to recommendations of CRRI and planned for a well knit Mass Rapid Transit System for the capital city of India. The system comprised of 36 Km of underground corridors aligned two axes North-South and East-West Corridors and 96 Kms of surface rail corridors. Metropolitan Tansport Project (MTP-R, set up by the Ministry of Railways, Government of India) Prepared an engineering plan to construct the MTR system.