Santosh Kumar

This book discusses the history, physics, fundamental principles, sensing technologies, and characterization of plasmonic phenomenon-based fiber-optic biosensors, using optic-plasmonic sensors as a case study. It describes the plasmonic phenomenon and its application in optical fiber-based sensing, presented based on properties and usage of different nanomaterials spread across nine chapters. Content covers advances in nanomaterials, structural designing, and their scope in biomedical applications. Future developments of biosensing devices and related articulate methods are also described. Features:Gives a comprehensive view on the nanomaterials used in plasmonic optical fiber biosensorsIncludes synthesis, characterization, and usage for detection of different analytesDiscusses trends in the design of wavelength-based optical fiber sensorsReviews micro- and nanostructured biosensing devicesExplores application of plasmonic sensors in the biosensing fieldThis book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in Optical Communications, Biomedical Engineering, Optics, Sensors, Instrumentation, and Measurement.

The present study is focused on the development of environmental friendly composite friction materials and compared with available commercial friction materials. Copper (Cu) will be replaced with different reinforcement materials to reduce pollution. The microstructure, surface roughness, elemental distribution, porosity have been observed. The variation of wear and friction have been analysed for the developed friction material with different running conditions. Taguchi orthogonal array method has been utilized for reducing the number of experiments and getting near-optimal test parameters for the best tribological performance. The grey relation analysis method has been used to determine the optimum set of parameters by the multi-objective optimization into a single-objective optimization.

Comprehensive resource covering new technologies, materials, strategies, and recent advancements in the field of biosensing Biosensors summarizes cutting-edge technologies in biosensing, including gene editing (known as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat or CRISPR), quorum sensing utilizing inter and intra cell signals, two-dimensional (2D) materials and aptamer-mediated sensor designs, and more, with additional coverage of the latest materials, strategies, and advancements made in the field. Chapters are categorized on the basis of various bio-recognition elements that include aptamer, nucleic acid, enzymes, antibodies, bacteriophages, peptides, and molecular imprinted polymers. Plasmonic, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical, magneto and piezo-electric biosensor sensing techniques are also considered. The roles of various nanomaterials, advancement in synthesis, signal enhancement strategies, and new trends for biomedical applications are also described. Current challenges, limitations, and future prospects to developing biosensors for point-of-care and clinical applications are also discussed. Written by three highly qualified authors, Biosensors includes information on: Diverse bio-receptors include nucleic acids, aptamers, enzymes, antibodies, bacteriophages, molecularly imprinted polymers, whole-cell, and techniques of immobilizationDifferent transduction principles using bio-receptors (e.g., optical, electrochemical, piezo-electrical, and SERS) to detect microorganism, toxins, and diseasesNanomaterials synthesis, their role in biosensing, pros and cons of carbon, polymer, metals, metal oxides, and quantum dots-based nanomaterials in medical biosensing applications Biosensors is a comprehensive and complete resource on the subject for researchers and professionals in physics, chemistry, and biomedical science, research communities working in the fields of plasmonics, optics, biosensors, and nano-photonics, and students in related programs of study.

This book focuses on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique covering fibre optic sensor research. It highlights recent advancements in geometric feature-based fibre optic SPR sensors for chemical/biochemical/biosensor applications. The contents also discuss the principle of the SPR sensing technique as well as various designs of fibre optic SPR probes for improving sensor sensitivity. It also includes numerous examples of SPR-based fibre optic sensors with various geometric (such as U-type, taper type, D-type, and interferometric-based) sensors. This volume will be a useful reference to those in academia and industry especially researchers with useful information focusing on fibre optic SPR sensors.

2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors offers comprehensive coverage of recent design and development (including processing and fabrication) of 2D materials in the context of plasmonic-based devices. It provides a thorough overview of the basic principles and techniques used in the analysis and design of 2D material-based optical sensor systems. Beginning with the basic concepts of plasmon/plasmonic sensors and mathematical modelling, the authors explain the fundamental properties of 2D materials, including Black Phosphorus (BP), Phosphorene, Graphene, Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MXene's and SW-CNT. It also details the applications of these emerging materials in clinical diagnosis and their future trends. This text will be useful for practising engineers, undergraduate and postgraduate students. Key Features Presents the fundamental concepts of 2D material assisted fibre optic and prism based SPR sensor in a student-friendly manner. Includes the recent synthesis and characterization techniques of 2D materials. Provides computational results of recently discovered electronic and optical properties of the 2D materials along with their effectiveness in the field of plasmonic sensors. Presents emerging applications of novel 2D material-based plasmonic sensors in the field of chemical, bio-chemical and biosensing.

This book provides a comprehensive insight into the growth of nanotechnology in the agri-food industry. Currently, nanotechnology serves as the most promising means to resolve the issues encountered in the food sector, as it enables the production of high-quality food with exceptional characteristics such as extended shelf life, flavor, freshness, and high nutritional content. This book focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in various fields such as smart packaging, processing, and preservation of food. It also emphasizes the role of nanomaterials in strategic design of nutraceuticals and functional foods. Along with providing an overview of the innovations and application, this book also describes future perspectives, and offers insights to ensure consumer confidence in terms of safe use. In this context the application of nanomaterials as nanosensors is additional covered. The book provides readers with a deep knowledge regarding nanomaterials-based biosensors (colorimetric,electrochemical, fiber-based) for detection of pathogens in contaminated food. Factors affecting risk assessment regulations and safety concerns regarding the use of nanomaterials in food industry have also been discussed in detail. Given its scope, this book appeals to a wider readership, especially for researchers and students who work in food agronomy and nanomaterials and nanotechnology related fields.

This book provides detailed information on a low-cost, high-speed infrastructure to support applications and services based on 5G/6G, the Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities, and fiber-to-the-x (FTTX). The contents will serve as a ready reference for researchers, design engineers, network operators, and service providers, as well as graduating engineers interested in pursuing careers in the optical access network domain. The book is a road map for designing and developing access networks for a variety of applications, including smart cities and long-distance high-speed access networks. The book is useful for undergraduate, postgraduate, and research students, particularly in developing South-East Asian countries.

Dieses Buch befasst sich mit der Mustererkennungsanalyse unter Verwendung der qualitativen sowie der quantitativen Studie. Dieses Buch wird f r junge Forscher und Wissenschaftler auf dem Gebiet der Datenanalyse und Probenklassifizierung sehr n tzlich sein. Aromatische Daten werden mit einem ultraschnellen Gaschromatographen (UFGC) gesammelt und dann mit verschiedenen statistischen Ans tzen analysiert. Das Ergebnis wird mit den quantitativen Daten verglichen, und die GC-Daten liefern auch die quantitativen Werte. Die in diesem Buch verwendeten Ans tze sind die Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCA), die Support-Vector-Machine-Analyse (SVM), die Boxplot-Methode und die Radarplot/Spiderplot-Clusteranalyse. Die verf gbaren Substanzen und ihre quantitativen Daten werden hier nach dem UFGC-System f r jede in diesem Versuch verwendete Analyseart angegeben. Dar ber hinaus werden auch Informationen ber verschiedene Datenvorverarbeitungstechniken sowie ber berwachte und un berwachte Methoden gegeben. Die Hauptidee des Autors ist es, sowohl neuen Forschern als auch der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft einen experimentellen und wissenschaftlichen Ansatz zu bieten. Dieses Buch wird den fortgeschrittenen Forschern mit Sicherheit einen Wegweiser und eine Fallstudie bieten.

Questo libro tratta l'analisi del riconoscimento dei modelli utilizzando uno studio qualitativo e quantitativo. Questo libro sar molto utile per i giovani ricercatori e scienziati nel campo dell'analisi dei dati e della classificazione dei campioni. I dati aromatici vengono raccolti utilizzando uno strumento gascromatico ultraveloce (UFGC) e poi vengono analizzati utilizzando diversi approcci statistici e il risultato viene confrontato con i dati quantitativi e i dati GC forniscono anche i valori quantitativi. Gli approcci utilizzati in questo libro sono l'analisi delle componenti principali (PCA), l'analisi della macchina vettoriale di supporto (SVM), il metodo box plot, l'analisi dei cluster radar plot/spider plot. Le sostanze disponibili e i relativi dati quantitativi sono forniti in base al sistema UFGC per ogni tipo di analisi utilizzata in questo esperimento. Inoltre, vengono fornite informazioni sulle varie tecniche di pre-elaborazione dei dati e sui metodi supervisionati e non supervisionati. L'idea principale dell'autore quella di fornire un approccio sperimentale e scientifico ai nuovi ricercatori e alla comunit scientifica. Sicuramente, questo libro fornir una mappa stradale e sar un caso di studio per i ricercatori avanzati.

Este livro aborda a an lise do reconhecimento de padr es utilizando o estudo qualitativo e quantitativo. Este livro ser muito til para os jovens investigadores e cientistas no dom nio da an lise de dados e da classifica o de amostras. Os dados arom ticos s o recolhidos utilizando o instrumento de cromatografia gasosa ultra-r pida (UFGC) e, em seguida, os dados s o analisados utilizando diferentes abordagens estat sticas e o resultado comparado com os dados quantitativos, assim como os dados de GC fornecem tamb m os valores quantitativos. As abordagens utilizadas neste livro s o a an lise dos componentes principais (PCA), a an lise da m quina de vectores de apoio (SVM), o m todo do gr fico de caixa, a an lise de agrupamento do gr fico de radar/aranha. As subst ncias dispon veis e os seus dados quantitativos s o fornecidos aqui de acordo com o sistema UFGC para cada tipo de an lise utilizada nesta experi ncia. Para al m disso, tamb m fornece informa es sobre v rias t cnicas de pr -processamento de dados e m todos supervisionados e n o supervisionados. A ideia principal do autor fornecer uma abordagem experimental e cient fica aos novos investigadores, bem como comunidade cient fica. Definitivamente, este livro fornecer um roteiro e ser um estudo de caso para os investigadores avan ados.

Ce livre couvre l'analyse de la reconnaissance des formes l'aide d'une tude qualitative et quantitative. Ce livre sera tr s utile aux jeunes chercheurs et scientifiques dans le domaine de l'analyse des donn es et de la classification des chantillons. Les donn es aromatiques sont collect es l'aide d'un instrument de chromatographie en phase gazeuse ultra-rapide (UFGC), puis les donn es sont analys es l'aide de diff rentes approches statistiques et les r sultats sont compar s aux donn es quantitatives, de m me que les donn es de chromatographie en phase gazeuse donnent galement des valeurs quantitatives. Les approches utilis es dans ce livre sont l'analyse en composantes principales (ACP), l'analyse par machine vecteur de support (SVM), la m thode du diagramme en bo te, l'analyse en grappes du diagramme radar/du diagramme araign e. Les substances disponibles et leurs donn es quantitatives sont fournies ici selon le syst me UFGC pour chaque type d'analyse utilis dans cette exp rience. En outre, il fournit galement des informations sur les diff rentes techniques de pr traitement des donn es et sur les m thodes supervis es et non supervis es. L'id e principale de l'auteur est de fournir une approche exp rimentale et scientifique aux nouveaux chercheurs ainsi qu' la communaut scientifique. Ce livre fournira certainement une feuille de route et constituera une tude de cas pour les chercheurs avanc s.

This book focuses on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique covering fibre optic sensor research. It highlights recent advancements in geometric feature-based fibre optic SPR sensors for chemical/biochemical/biosensor applications. The contents also discuss the principle of the SPR sensing technique as well as various designs of fibre optic SPR probes for improving sensor sensitivity. It also includes numerous examples of SPR-based fibre optic sensors with various geometric (such as U-type, taper type, D-type, and interferometric-based) sensors. This volume will be a useful reference to those in academia and industry especially researchers with useful information focusing on fibre optic SPR sensors.

Women, and particularly poor women, have become essential cogs in the wheel of financialized capitalism. Globally, women are responsible for managing household debt, and that debt has exploded over the last decade, reaching an all-time high after the COVID-19 pandemic. Across various categories of loans, including subprime lending, microcredit policies, and consumer loans, as well as rent and utilities, women are overrepresented as clients and managers, and are being enfolded into the system. The Indebted Woman discusses the crucial yet invisible roles poor women play in making and consolidating debt and credit markets. Isabelle Guérin, Santosh Kumar, and G. Venkatasubramanian spent over two decades observing a credit market that specifically targets women in the Indian countryside of east-central Tamil Nadu. They found that paying off debts required labor, frequently involved sexual transactions, and shaped women's bodies and subjectivities. Bringing together ethnography, statistical surveys, and financial diaries, they offer for the first time a comprehensive theory for this sexual division of debt that goes far beyond the Indian case, exposing the ways capitalism transforms womanhood and how this transformation in turn fuels capitalism.

Women, and particularly poor women, have become essential cogs in the wheel of financialized capitalism. Globally, women are responsible for managing household debt, and that debt has exploded over the last decade, reaching an all-time high after the COVID-19 pandemic. Across various categories of loans, including subprime lending, microcredit policies, and consumer loans, as well as rent and utilities, women are overrepresented as clients and managers, and are being enfolded into the system. The Indebted Woman discusses the crucial yet invisible roles poor women play in making and consolidating debt and credit markets. Isabelle Guérin, Santosh Kumar, and G. Venkatasubramanian spent over two decades observing a credit market that specifically targets women in the Indian countryside of east-central Tamil Nadu. They found that paying off debts required labor, frequently involved sexual transactions, and shaped women's bodies and subjectivities. Bringing together ethnography, statistical surveys, and financial diaries, they offer for the first time a comprehensive theory for this sexual division of debt that goes far beyond the Indian case, exposing the ways capitalism transforms womanhood and how this transformation in turn fuels capitalism.

This book provides a comprehensive insight into the growth of nanotechnology in the agri-food industry. Currently, nanotechnology serves as the most promising means to resolve the issues encountered in the food sector, as it enables the production of high-quality food with exceptional characteristics such as extended shelf life, flavor, freshness, and high nutritional content. This book focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in various fields such as smart packaging, processing, and preservation of food. It also emphasizes the role of nanomaterials in strategic design of nutraceuticals and functional foods. Along with providing an overview of the innovations and application, this book also describes future perspectives, and offers insights to ensure consumer confidence in terms of safe use. In this context the application of nanomaterials as nanosensors is additional covered. The book provides readers with a deep knowledge regarding nanomaterials-based biosensors (colorimetric,electrochemical, fiber-based) for detection of pathogens in contaminated food. Factors affecting risk assessment regulations and safety concerns regarding the use of nanomaterials in food industry have also been discussed in detail. Given its scope, this book appeals to a wider readership, especially for researchers and students who work in food agronomy and nanomaterials and nanotechnology related fields.

In thermal power plants, coal fired boilers are commonly used due to its low cost. However, the premature failure of boiler parts is a common problem. These boilers mostly fail during operation due to oxidation, corrosion and E-C at high temperature and lead to big economic losses. The hot corrosion and erosion-corrosion alone has been reported to be responsible for 50% to 75% of entire arrest time in such applications and leads to multi-million dollar loss to the power generating industries. This problem should be addressed by the researchers. Hence, this book provides in depth review of high temperature materials, material degradation, high temperature oxidation, corrosion, erosion-corrosion & their protective measures. These protective methods include: proper selection of material, potential change of metal, corrosion inhibitors, change of environment and coating.

At the very outset, a theoretical environment has been set to describe the women entrepreneurship and microfinance. The socio-economic status of women entrepreneurs has been discussed in the second chapter. The third chapter discusses on how the women entrepreneurship through microfinance activities alleviates poverty and impacts the socio-economic status of women entrepreneurs. The suggestions and the conclusions are elaborated in the last chapter. It is hoped that a research of this nature, oriented would provide an in-depth insight into the socio-economic status of women entrepreneurs and also the problems that are encountered by the microfinance schemes. This research would also be helpful for the Government, the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and the Micro-Financial Institutions (MFIs) in formulating a specific policy for the development of women entrepreneurship through microfinance activities.